The Quakers and Arts in Utopian Societies :: Essays Papers

The Quakers and Arts in Utopian Societies Today, we can still find many examples of past utopias. A utopia is an ideally perfect place, especially in its social, political, moral and legal aspects.1 They do not approve of any actions that are superficial and unnecessary. In addition to these beliefs, people from utopian societies are strong believers in God. Sharing many of these same ideals, the Quakers are a group with a strong faith. Despite the fact that Quakers feel art is a luxury and a frivolous thing that they should not take part in, many great artists and writers are members of the Quaker society. George Fox founded the Quakers also known as the Society of Friends in 1650. This was a time of religious turmoil in England due to people searching for an uncorrupted version of Christianity. For their form of religion, the Quakers relied primarily on spiritual searching done by individual members, congregations and meetings. The Quakers were mainly involved in humanitarian work, seeing the good in everything. They sought to practice total Christianity, with their main opposition toward slavery. During the civil war, "the Quakers took the lead in the abolitionist movement and in running the Underground Railroad, which aided runaway slaves."2 In 1671, William Penn, a leader of the group, worked solely on expanding the Quakers and joining them with other groups.3 Fox developed the idea of "Inner Light". This is found within each person, and is a divine inspiration that brings joy and an enlightened conscience. It is God’s spirit found in every human soul. Fox felt that "following the inward light would lead to spiritual development and towards individual perfection." He taught the members to worship in silence and people only spoke when they felt moved by the Holy Spirit when they were in their meetings. George Fox promoted simple living; he was against alcohol, holidays, sports, theater, and jewelry. They thought of themselves as friends of Jesus and later, the Quakers also became known as the Society of Friends.4 The Quakers have been associated with the color gray, or drab, because of the simple living that they remain faithful to. Drab is a color that is a mixture of yellow and gray, or a dull light brown. The Friends found colors to be a distraction, using gray to avoid the excitement that was looked down upon. This was also used to keep the divine inspiration within themselves.

Charles Babbage :: essays research papers

Charles Babbage Charles Babbage may have spent his life in vain, trying to make a machine considered by most of his friends to be ridiculous. 150 years ago, Babbage drew hundreds of drawings projecting the fundamentals on which today's computers are founded. But the technology was not there to meet his dreams. He was born on December 26, 1791, in Totnes, Devonshire, England. As a child he was always interested about the mechanics of everything and in the supernatural. He reportedly once tried to prove the existence of the devil by making a circle in his own blood on the floor and reciting the Lord's Prayer backward. In college, he formed a ghost club dedicated to verifying the existence of the supernatural. When in Trinity College in Cambridge, Charles carried out childish pranks and rebelled because of the boredom he felt from knowing more than his instructors. Despite this, however, he was on his way to understanding the advanced theories of mathematics and even formed an Analytical Society to present and discuss original papers on mathematics and to interest people in translating the works of several foreign mathematicians into English. His studies also led him to a critical study of logarithmic tables and was constantly reporting errors in them. During this analysis, it occurred to him that all these tables could be calculated by machinery. He was convinced that it was possible to construct a machine that would be able to compute by successive differences and to even print out the results. (He conceived of this 50 years before type-setting machines or typewriters were invented.) In 1814, the age of 23, Charles married 22-year-old Georgina Whitmore. Georgina would have eight children in thirteen years, of which only three sons would survive to maturity. Babbage really took no interest in raising his children. After Georgina died at the age of 35, his mother took over the upbringing. In 1816, Babbage had his first taste of failure when his application for the professorship of mathematics at East India College in Haileybury was rejected due to political reasons, as was his application, three years later, for the chair of mathematics at the University of Edinburgh. Fortunately, his elder brother supported his family while Babbage continued his work on calculating machines. At the age of 30, Babbage was ready to announce to the Royal Astronomical Society that he had embarked on the construction of a table-calculating machine. His paper, "Observations on the Application of Machinery to the Computation of Mathematical Tables" was widely acclaimed and consequently, Babbage was presented with the first gold medal awarded by the Astronomical Society.

National Culture Essay

National culture is the value system and pride associated with a nation. Many people deny their national culture when they move to a new location, and embrace the national culture of their new home. Characteristics of culture As one might expect, all cultures must share several characteristics if ‘’culture’’ is to be differentiated from other forms of behavior. These similarities between all cultures are surprisingly few. The ultimate goal of cultural anthropology is to determine which characteristics all cultures share in common. Society Firstly, all culture must take place through a medium of a group of people, known as a society. Even extinct or imagined cultures have societies to transmit the culture. As culture cannot exist without culture. Other animals, such as bees or ants, congregate into societies, yet these animals do not exhibit it culture. Yet no human society is without culture. The functionalist school of anthropological thought attempts to explain why culture is so vital to human societies. Culture of Bangladesh The culture of Bangladesh has a unique history, dating back more than 2500 years ago.The land, the rivers and the lives of the common people formed a rich heritage with marked differences from neighboring region. The culture of Bangladesh is composite, and over centuries has assimilated influences of Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Islam. It is manifested in various forms, including music, dance and drama, art and craft; folklores and folktales; languages and literature, philosophy and religion. Music, dance and drama Music and dance style of Bangladesh may be divided into three categories, namely, the classical, folk and the modern. The classical style has been influenced by other prevalent classical forms of music and dance of the Indian subcontinent and accordingly shows some influences dance forms like bharata natyam and kuchipudi.The folk and tribal music and dance of Bangladesh are of indigenous origin and rooted to the soil of Bangladesh. Several dancing style in the north-eastern part of the Indian subcontinent,  like Manipuri and santal dances, are also practiced in Bangladesh, but Bangladesh has developed its own distinct dancing style. Bangladesh has a rich tradition folk songs, with lyrics rooted into vibrant tradition and spirituality, mysticism and devotion. Such folk songs also revole round several and other themes, including love themes. Drama remains popular in Bangladesh, including performances of playes bye local playwrights as well as adaptations from writers of western origi n. Jatra, that is folk drama is also a part of culture of Bangladesh . Pohela Boishakh Pohela Baishakh celebration in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Pà ´hela Boishakh is the first day of the Bengali calendar. It is usually celebrated on the 14th of April. Pohela Boishakh marks the start day of the crop season. Usually on Pà ´hela Boishakh, the home is thoroughly scrubbed and cleaned; people bathe early in the morning and dress in fine clothes. They spend much of the day visiting relatives, friends, and neighbours and going to the fair. Fairs are arranged in many parts of the country where various agricultural products, traditional handicrafts, toys, cosmetics, as well as various kinds of food and sweets are sold. The fairs also provide entertainment, with singers, dancers and traditional plays and songs. Horse races, bull races, bullfights, cockfights, flying pigeons, and boat racingwere once popular. All gatherings and fairs consist a wide spread of Bengali food and sweets. The most colourful New Year’s Day festival takes place in Dhaka. Large numbers of people gather early in the morning under the banyan tree at Ramna Park where Chhayanat artists open the day with Rabindranath Tagore’s famous song, Esho, he Boishakh, Esho esho (Come, year, come, come). A similar ceremony welcoming the new year is also held at the Institute of Fine Arts (Dhaka) and University of Dhaka. Students and teachers of the institute take out a colourful procession and parade to round the campus. Social and cultural organisations celebrate the day with cultural programmes. Newspapers bring out special supplements. There are also special programmes on radio and television. Prior to this day, special discounts on clothes, furniture, electronics and various deals and shopping discounts are available. Special line of sarees, usually cotton, white sarees with red print and embroidery is sold before this day as everyone dresses up for this day. Jasmine flowers are also a huge sale for this event  which adorns the women’s hair. Background In 1952, the emerging middle classes of East Bengal underwent an uprising known later as the Bangla Language Movement. Bangladeshis (then East Pakistanis) were initially agitated by a decision by the Central Pakistan Government to establish Urdu, a minority language spoken only by the supposed elite class of West Pakistan, as the sole national language for all of Pakistan. The situation was worsened by an open declaration that â€Å"Urdu and only Urdu will be the national language of Pakistan† by the governor, Khawaja Nazimuddin. Protest Police declared Section 144 which banned any sort of meeting. Defying this, the students of University of Dhaka and Dhaka Medical College and other political activists started a procession on February 21, 1952. Near the current Dhaka Medical College Hospital, police fired on the protesters and numerous people, including Abdus Salam, Rafiq Uddin Ahmed, Sofiur Rahman, Abul Barkat and Abdul Jabbar, died. The movement spread to the whole of East Pakistan and the whole province came to a standstill. Afterwards, the Government of Pakistan relented and gave Bengali equal status as a national language. Effects This movement is thought to have sown the seeds for the independence movement which resulted in the liberation of Bangladesh in 1971. Commemoration To commemorate this movement, Shaheed Minar a solemn and symbolic sculpture, was erected in the place of the massacre. The day is revered in Bangladesh and, to a somewhat lesser extent, in West Bengal as the Martyrs’ Day. This day is the public holiday in Bangladesh. UNESCO decided to observe 21 February as International Mother Language Day. The UNESCO General Conference took a decision to that took effect on 17 November 1999 when it unanimously adopted a draft resolution submitted by Bangladesh and co-sponsored and supported by 28 other countries. In Assam and North-east India In Silchar, India, eleven people were killed by police firing on 19 May 1961 when protesting legislation that mandated the use of the Assamese language.[1] Bengalis in Assam and north-east India observe 19 May as Language Movement Day to remember the 11 Bengalis who were killed on the day by police fire in Silchar Railway Station. Weddings A bride for Turmeric ceremony A traditional wedding is arranged by Ghotoks (matchmakers), who are typically friends or relatives of the couple. The matchmakers facilitate the introduction, and also help agree the amount of any settlement. Bengali weddings are traditionally in five parts: first it is the bride and groom’sMehendi Shondha, the bride’s Gaye Holud, the groom’s Gaye Holud, the Beeya, and the Bou Bhaat. These often take place on separate days. The first event in a wedding is an informal one: the groom presents the bride with a ring marking the â€Å"engagement† which is gaining popularity. For themehendi shondha the bride’s side apply henna to each other as well as the bride for the bride’s Gaye Holud, the groom’s family – except the groom himself – go in procession to the bride’s home. Bride’s friends and family apply turmeric paste to her body as a part of Gaye Hoof bride, and they are traditionally all in matching clothes, m ostly orange in colour. The bride is seated on a dais, and the henna is used to decorate the bride’s hands and feet with elaborate abstract designs. The sweets are then fed to the bride by all involved, piece by piece. The actual wedding ceremony â€Å"Biye† follows the Gaye Holud ceremonies. The wedding ceremony is arranged by the bride’s family. On the day, the younger members of the bride’s family barricade the entrance to the venue, and demand a sort of admission charge from the groom in return for allowing him to enter. The bride and groom are seated separately, and a Kazi (authorized person by the govt. to perform the wedding), accompanied by the parents and a Wakil (witness) from each side formally asks the bride for her consent to the union, and then the groom for his. The bride’s side of the family tries to play some kind of practical joke on the groom such as stealing the groom’s shoe. The reception, also known as Bou-Bhaat (reception), is a party given by the groom’s family in return for the wedding party. It is typically a much more relaxed affair, with only the second-best wedding outfit being worn. Relatives decorating the groom with traditional wedding turmeric in a Bangladeshi Gaye Holud ceremony in Dhaka. Architecture and heritage Bangladesh has appealing architecture from historic treasures to contemporary landmarks. Jatiyo Smriti Soudho, a tribute to liberation war martyrs is also an architectural landmark Sports A cricket match between Bangladesh &India at the Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium inDhaka, Bangladesh Cricket is the most popular sport in Bangladesh, followed by football. Kabaddi is the national sport in Bangladesh. Cricket is a game which has a massive and passionate following in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has joined the elite group of countries eligible to play Test Cricket since 2000. TheBangladesh national cricket team goes by the nickname of the Tigers – after the Royal Bengal Tiger. The people of Bangladesh enjoy watching live sports. Whenever there is a cricket or football match between popular local teams or international teams in any local stadium significant number of spectators gather to watch the match live. The people also celebrate major victories of the national teams with great enthusiasm for the live game. Victory processions are the most common element in such celebrations. A former prime minister even made an appearance after an Internationalone day cricket match in which Bangladesh beat Australia, she came to congratulate the victory. Also in late 2006 and 2007, football legend Zinedine Zidane paid a visit to local teams and various events thanks to the invite of Nobel Peace Prize winner Dr. Muhammad Yunus. Religion Festivals and celebrations are an integral part of the culture of Bangladesh. Prominent and widely celebrated festivals are Pohela Boishakh, Independence day, National Mourning Day, Eid ul-Fitr, Eid ul-Azha, Moharram, Durga puja, and Language Movement Day. Bangladesh is ethnically homogeneous, with Bengalis comprising 98% of the population. The majority of Bangladeshis (about 90%) are Muslim, and a small number of Hindus, Christians and Buddhists are also living in the country. But due to immense cultural diversity, multiple dialects, hybridization of social traits and norms as well as cultural upbringing, Bangladeshis cannot be stereotyped very easily, except for the only fact that they are very resilient in nature. People of different religions perform their religious rituals with festivity in Bangladesh. The Government has declared National  Holidays on all important religious festivals of the four major religions. Durga Puja, Christmas, and Buddha Purnima are celebrated with enthusiasm in Bangladesh. All of these form an integral part of the cultural heritage of Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a land of festivity. Muslims celebrate Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Azha, Eid-e-Miladunnabi, Muharram etc. Hindus observe Durga Puja, Kali Puja, and Sarashwati Puja among others. Buddha Purnima is the biggest festival for Bengali Buddhists, and Borodin (Christmas) is celebrated by the Christians. People from several tribal communities also have their respective festival as well. Apart from these religious and tribal celebrations we also have several secular festivals. Pohela Boishakh (Bangali New Year) is the biggest among all the festivals in Bangladesh. We also observe 21 February as Shahid Dibash (as observed worldwide as International Mother Language Day), 26 March as Independence Day, and 16 December as Victory Day. Lifestyle Cuisine Panta Ilish – a traditional platter ofPanta bhat, with fried hilsa slice, supplemented with dried fish (shutki),pickles (achar), dal, chillies, and onion – is a popular dish during the Pohela Boishakh festival. Bangladesh is famous for its distinctive culinary tradition, delicious food, snacks, and savories. Boiled rice constitutes the staple food, and is served with a variety of vegetables, fried as well with curry, thick lentil soups, fish and meat preparations of mutton, beef, and chicken, and very rarely pork only by certain small groups. Sweetmeats of Bangladesh are mostly milk based, and consist of several delights including roshgulla, sandesh, rasamalai, gulap jamun, kalo jamun, and chom-chom. Several other sweet preparations are also available. Bengali cuisine is rich and varied with the use of many specialized spices and flavours. Fish is the dominant source of protein, cultivated in ponds and fished with nets in the fresh-water rivers of the Ganges delta. More than 40 types of mostly freshwater fish are common, including carp, varieties like rui (rohu), katla, magur (catfish), chingÃ…â€"i (prawn or shrimp), as well as shuÃ… £ki (dried sea fish) are popular. Salt water fish (not sea fish though) and Ilish (hilsa ilisha) are very popular among Bengalis, can be  called an icon of Bengali cuisine. Serving dishes with beef is not a rare occurrence in Bangladesh. Beef curry is very common and an essential part of Bengal cuisine. Dress Bangladeshi people have unique dress preferences. Bangladeshi men sometimes wear kurta or fatua on religious and cultural occasions. Bangladeshi men wear lungi as casual wear (in rural areas) and shirt-pant or suits on formal occasions. The lungi is not considered proper to be worn outside the house except by the farmers and the low-income families. Shalwar Kameez and Sharee are the main dresses of Bangladeshi women. The women also have a different preference to which types of Shalwar Kameez and Sharee they would like to wear. Whether it may be silk sharees, georgette sharees, or designer sharees, each particular fabric contributes to representing the culture overall. Weaving the fabric for these dresses is a traditional art in Bangladesh. Conclusion Different culture groups think, feel, and act differently. There are no scientific standards for considering one group as intrinsically superior or inferior to another. Studying differences in culture among groups and societies presuppose a position of cultural relativism. It does not imply normalcy for oneself, or nor for one’s society. It, however, calls for judgment when dealing with groups or societies different from one’s own. Information about the nature of cultural differences between societies, their roots, and their consequences should precede judgment and action. Negotiation is more likely to succeed when the parties concerned understand the reasons for the differences in viewpoints.

The Leader of Future

Running Head: THE LEADER OF THE FUTURE Chantell Hilliard Post University The Leader of the Future BUS 508 December 15, 2012 Professor Carolyn Shiffman Table of Contents Executive Overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Challenges for future leaders†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. 4 Blueprint for dynamic planning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. 4 Areas of focus for leaders of the future†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦.. 5 Lessons from past leadership†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. †¦. 7 Future Generational Workf orce†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. †¦. 9 References. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. 10 Executive OverviewWhat does the leader of future look like? This question reflects on the Baby Boomers generation transitions into retirement leaving the next generation to move into leadership positions. For the next generation to transition into the once Baby Boomer workforce, future leaders have to face a range of challenges. This generation will need to learn how to monitor external threats and opportunities that can affect an organization. Leaders of the future have different leadership style from their counterparts. The next generation will have to learn from past leadership behaviors. Future leaders need to become technology savvy.They will also have to become acquainted with different cultures and practice the art of shared leadership. To succeed in a competitive business world, future leaders will have to develop a leadership style that fits the standards of an authentic leader. Challenges for leaders of the future As the business world changes, leadership roles will present challenges. The challenges that a leader will face knowing how to communicate is an important aspect for leaders to be effective. Through effective communication, leaders encourage others to trust and understand what is needed to be done within the organization.However, without effective communication a leader may not be able to lead his or her group effectively. Another distinctive challenge that leaders of the future will encounter are managing conflicts. Future lead ers will have to recognize conflict that is necessary and conflict that distracts subordinates and escalates. A leader who does not address conflict can see results lost productivity and lost revenue. If leaders of future want to increase performance they need to learn how to put aside personal feelings while dealing with conflicts among employees.Blueprint for dynamic planning The blueprint for dynamic planning is how a leader assesses external and internal analysis on opportunities and threats facing the organization environment. For an organization to have success, a leader needs to complete a SWOT analysis. Completing a SWOT analysis will enable a leader to focus on the organization strengths and weaknesses, spot opportunities, and lastly analyze any threats. The SWOT framework is a powerful planning tool that helps a leader understand the organization nice in the market and distinguish the company from their competitors.Monitoring the external environment requires a leader to u nderstand opportunities for the organization and threats that will hurt the organization growth. These external elements include customers, government, economy, competition, and public perception. The importance of customer relationships can help a company find ways to influence their customers to buy products and to improve sales. Government regulations are important to monitor because new laws and regulations can affect a company profit margins and determine if a company can ship their products into foreign markets.The external business environment can also exert the pressures of the economy. A leader should play close attention to the economy growing or collapsing. Monitoring the state of economy is crucial for leaders in the ever changing business world. For example, companies might need to lower prices during recessions. Because of the various economic shifts, leaders of the future will need to adapt their marketing strategies. Competition has a significant effect on an organiz ation external environment because competitors are continually differentiating their products and service from its competitors.Monitoring the competition will allow a leader to have a competitive advantage in the market. Lastly, a future leader should monitor any scandals or negative perceptions about the company. While a negative image can hurt company sales, it can eventually hinder growth and success. Areas of focus for leaders of the future If future leaders want to be effective they need to increase their focus on new technologies, appreciation of cultural diversity, and learn how to share leadership. Because of the rapid technological changes in the world, future business leaders need to be technology savvy.Having the ability to know the importance of technology, gives the future leader a competitive edged. Technology as we know it continues to evolve. Bennis (1992) suggest that leaders of the future need to embrace technology, if not they are sure to be unsuccessful on  "capitalizing on the opportunities that arise in this fast-evolving competitive arena† (Bennis, 1992, p. 189). The business world is becoming global. Leaders of the future should focus on cultural diversity because a cultural diverse workplace promotes several advantages for an organization.If leaders don’t respect the differences in other people’s cultural background they may risk falling behind as an effective leader. Understanding other people’s culture is considered a good business practice. If future leaders want to succeed in the business world, they need to implement motivational strategies that will inspire people in different cultures. To achieve a positive and collaborative environment, leaders have to embrace mutual respect amongst their diverse colleagues. Leaders of the future should understand that sharing leadership is not an easy task but quite possible.The following are ways leaders can share leadership: * Give power away to the most quali fied individuals to strengthen their capabilities (Goldsmith, 2010, p. 1). * Define the limits of decision-making power (Goldsmith, 2010, p. 1). * Cultivate a climate in which people feel free to take initiative on assignments (Goldsmith, 2010, p. 1). * Give qualified people discretion and autonomy over their tasks and resources and encourage them to use these tools (Goldsmith, 2010, p. 1). * Don't second guess the decisions of those you have empowered to do so (Goldsmith, 2010, p. ). Lessons from past leadership To be successful, a leader must learn lessons from past leadership behaviors. Many past leaders have engaged in negative and positive behaviors that can affect the organization. Following positive leadership behaviors will allow a leader to practices a leadership style that involves building an empowering workplace. Future leaders should strive to develop integrity. Having integrity means building trust with your followers. Most importantly, a leader who leads with integrit y means sticking to their word.Past leadership has shown that integrity requires a leader to have self-awareness. Self-awareness means that a leader is conscious of their strengths and weaknesses. For example, if a leader pretends to know everything and doesn’t acknowledge their mistakes, this creates the perception of lack of integrity from their followers. Leadership without integrity can have drastic consequences for any organization. Unfortunately, the Enron scandal is great example on how Enron leaders compromised integrity with their desires for wealth and power. Enron executives’ unethical practices left a scar on corporate America.Enron’s lack of integrity results in thousands of jobs lost, pensions lost, public disgrace, and felony convictions. The Enron fiasco should teach leaders of tomorrow that a true leader has the responsibility to be honest and open with their followers, have good character, obey the law and to transmit truthful data at all times . From a personal perspective, my core beliefs are solid and promote a positive leadership in the workplace. Having core values like integrity defines who I am as an authentic leader. I model integrity by being honest and making the right choices.Blanchard (2010) suggests that, â€Å"integrity is the most essential element of leadership† (p. 180). I believe that having integrity results in a leader being seen as credible to others. Without it, a person will fail as a leader. Leading by fear and intimidation are negative behaviors that future leaders should avoid. The problem with leading by fear is that it kills creativity in the workplace. Sadly, these tactics has been used by many leaders in organizations. Future leaders need to understand that leading by fear can have negative several repercussions.Leaders who lead through such means will find that this leadership style is not an effective approach for motivating, inspiring, and empowering their followers. As a result, thi s behavior creates uncertainty and high turnover among employees. Many will argue that this tactic can be beneficial for an organization. Apple Inc. , CEO Steve Jobs is a prime example on past leaders who lead by fear. Steve Jobs has been described as a complex and unconventional leader. His tyrannical leadership style created an atmosphere that employee received verbal lashings and fear of making mistakes.Steve Jobs successfully implemented innovation and provided success with Apple Inc. However, his style is worth learning so leaders of the future can avoid the pitfalls of leading with authoritarian leadership. Future Generational Workforce According to researchers by 2020 the future generational workforce will be led by three generations attempting to coexist in the US economy (Nahavandi, 2010). Currently, the workforce is comprised of baby boomers born between 1946-1964, Generation X born between 1966-1980, and the workforce of the future Generation Y also known as â€Å"Millen nials† born between 1980-2000.Because Baby Boomers are approaching retirement, employers are looking to the Millennial generation to bring in valuable new perspectives that will cater the organization mission and goals. The Millennial generation will approach their expectations and beliefs from an entirely new way that goes beyond traditional behaviors. What sets this generation apart from their older counterparts is that they are not afraid of the change. Therefore, their attitudes towards work are different from their parents because they prefer flexibility.Generation Y has high expectations from their employers and the direction of their career path. They are consistently seeking new and innovative challenges that will allow them to effectively lead others. Millennials leaders are very different from their previous generations because they rely heavily on the internet as a form of resource, communication and networking. This generation will overtake the majority American wo rkforce by storm and their leadership style will be influenced by leaders before them.These leaders will have no problem attracting and retaining followers because they are motivated to understand their subordinate’s perspectives. Conclusion In conclusion, as the workforce changes so does the look of leaders. These future leaders have to be prepared for the unexpected and unexplained challenges. Therefore, as the next generation enters leadership roles they will have to know more than traditional business practices seen by generations before. For an organization to survive, these future leaders should have a set of core values that followers will trust and respect.References Bennis, W. G. (1992). Leaders on Leadership. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Books. Blanchard, K. H. , (2010) Leading at a higher Level: Blanchard on Leadership and Creating High Performing Organizations, Upper Saddle River, N. J. : Pearson/Prentice Hall. Goldsmith, M. (2010, May). Sharing leadership to Maximize Talent. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved December 15, 2012 from http://blogs. hbr. org/goldsmith/2010/05/sharing_leadership_to_maximize. html Nahavandi, A. (2012). The Art and Science of Leadership. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

Buying a House Is Better Than Renting

Buying a house is a better option than renting an apartment. † In this essay I will discuss about the major benefits of buying a house rather than renting an apartments. While it can be costly it is a safer place to live that has long term-investment and tax advantage. Buying a house may be difficult and it can be a confusing process, even for veteran buyers. Here are some tasks that housing experts say before getting into the buying a house. Get financials in order. Buyers should check their credit score, taxes, 401(k) s and other aspects of their financial situation to determine the maximum amount they are comfortable affording for their monthly mortgage, utilities, maintenance, taxes and insurance. If one’s credit score is low, he or she may need to get it higher before applying for a mortgage. A bad credit score may not just affect the buyers’ rates, but may prevent them from getting a mortgage. Buyers should also get pre-approved by a broker or lender — that means they get an agreement by a bank to lend the buyer up to a specific amount for a home, and the bank tells sellers that financing is already lined up. When a buyer finds the right house, he or she make an offer and apply for a mortgage. While every local market is different, most economists say buyers are generally in the driver's seat today this mean, buyers can ask to lower the price of prospected home. Fifty-three percent of homeowners believe a seller's market is still two or more years away, according to a survey of 2,003 adults between March 30 and April 2 by American Express. This market is very local. Homes in Chicago are getting multiple offers and going for more than 10% over the asking price, for example, while those in Fort Lauderdale are selling for 20% less than list price, according to Zip Realty. When a buyer his ready to purchase a house, they should have enough cash for a down payment, which can be a minimum of 10%, and extra funds for closing costs, including appraisal costs and move-in deposit. Buyers need to make sure that if they are buying a used house, they need to check any additions or construction to an existing home have been properly filed with the city and approved for better appraisal or buyer can purchase a new house if they would want to. When he or she owns and lives in a house, there are many benefits that come with owning and living in the house. The following are the benefits of living in a house. One major benefit of living in a house is safety and privacy. In apartments there are limited. Living in a house, He or she does not have too many neighbors around him or her compares to living in apartments where neighbors is literally next door and with in your arms reach. When he or she lives in a house, they are always on the ground floor, where in apartments tenants can have no choice but to climb those stairs and maybe all the way to the last floor. When he or she lives in a house, they definitely have no problem where to park their vehicle; they can have their own garage and a driveway, which is more comfortable and much safer than apartment’s parking lot. Apartments have a higher crime rate compare to any types of housing, According to the National Crime Prevention Council, the organization best known for McGruff the Crime Dog, apartments are eighty-five percent more likely to be victimized by burglaries compare to Even though one may feel safe living in a house or apartment, they still need to practice vigilance and prevention to avoid becoming a victim of property theft or other crimes. Buying a house can be great long term investment. As old and basic as it is, the number one rule in real estate still hasn't changed: location is everything. The area in which the house is located– its surroundings and distance from an urban center – has a profound impact on the long-term value of one’s home. Real estate experts have long cautioned against owning the most lavish house in the neighborhood or making extravagant home improvements that far outdo everything else around. The fact is that, generally speaking, pricey homes don not appreciate as much as more modest structures do. It is typically better to buy the least expensive house in an upscale neighborhood and make improvements. In such a case, your home will appreciate more in value. Although the average change in house prices are related to changes in fundamentals or perhaps market-wide bubbles, not all houses in a market appreciate at the same rate. Apartments only increase in rent as the years go by. Renters will never own a piece of the apartment or cash out any money they put in, unlike in paying the â€Å"mortgage. † If the owner continues paying the mortgage, in 15, 20 or 30 years (depending on the length of the loan) the house is theirs. Homeowner can deduct on their federal and state income taxes the amount of mortgage interest and real estate taxes they pay each year. For example, by itemizing deductions on the tax return, a married couple filing jointly can deduct $21,000 from his taxable income. A renting married couple may not have a lot of deductions, so they might choose the standard deduction, which is $10,300. Home receives an additional $10,700 in tax deduction than the renting couple. Assuming both couples each earn $100,000 per year. The renting couple would have to pay income tax on $89,700. The owning couple would pay tax on $79,000 difference of $10,000 owners can put in their pocket. Everyone wants to cut back on what they pay in taxes and home ownership not only decreases taxes, but builds equity. Equity is the difference between the market value of a property and the claims held against it. Having equity, homeowner may borrow money using equity as collateral. This is another benefit of buying a house instead of renting an apartment. While it can be costly it is a safer place to live that has long term-investment and tax advantage.

Ben nighthorse campbell

Different people would have known him differently; some would remember him as who he was before he became popular in the eyes of the public: a farmer and a police officer, even a jeweller or a world class judo fighter . But for the greater majority, particularly his constituents, Ben Nighthorse Campbell was a public servant who gave a lot to the public through the things that he did during his several years of tenure while serving in public office from the congress to the senate and every minor office in between that goes with the elected position.Several important individuals in different fields shower Senator Campbell with very complimenting words – referring to him as someone who is â€Å"dedicated†, as someone who is considered as an â€Å"accomplished public servant† . History believed he was a political leader who possessed charm, someone who is sincere and has a strong set of leadership qualities . One other description of him is that he is a fighter then and now. His background in the military, in judo and even in the streets when he was young, was a testament to that. In politics, he never changed his attitude.He was described as a straight-shooter , while other critics view him as someone who is shooting from the hips . Because of the significance of senator Campbell, the purpose of this paper is to discuss Senator Campbell’s life, with focus on his career as a senator and as a congressman and mentioning also his roles in the military, in the American judo history, notes on his personal life before and during his political life and his role in the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial and Museum, National Museum of the American Indian and in the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs.II. Campbell’s Life Born on April 13, 1933, Senator Ben Nighthorse Campbell is one of the few politicians of note who rose in the political circles carrying proudly his Indian ancestry. â€Å"He is proud of his Native American heritage . † His sense of pride and loyalty to his roots and to his culture was seen through his actions as well as through his clothing; it was as if he was wearing his culture, identity and heritage. For example, he was seen wearing â€Å"ceremonial tribal clothing† as he attended the opening of the National Museum of American Indian (NMAI) .It was considered as a â€Å"major aspect† that has created, established and sustained the overall â€Å"persona† that is Senator Campbell all throughout his life, especially during his political life . Campbell’s personality of hinging so much of who he is as he presents himself to the public on his being a Native American Indian was just enough for people to forget that there were actually men who preceded Campbell who, just like him, were partly Native American Indian and also won elected public office.One of them served in an office even higher than Campbell’s – and that would be Charles Curtis, who w ould eventually become the first vice president of the United States who is a Native American Indian. â€Å"The highest elected office ever held by an Indian in the US was the vice presidency . † Unlike Campbell, Curtis was from the Kaw tribe hailing from Kansas. In his vein was quarter of blood from this tribe. Also, he was an attorney before getting elected, unlike the more blue-collar type of jobs that Campbell pursued early in his life before shifting to jewellery designing and production later on.Nonetheless, both elected men are good and honorable men who made the Native American Indian community proud. But even with men like Curtis and how they were ‘bigger’ men politically, the Indians appreciate Campbell’s efforts at staying with his packaging as the American Indian holding office at the senate and at the congress. This personality/attitude more than compensates for the fact that he was not the first of his kind. â€Å"Although not the first Nati ve American senator, he is the first to make a statement with his Indianness. † Indeed, he, too, was a record maker of sorts, and in many ways.This is what the paper will explore throughout the discussion on the different aspects of personal and political life of Senator Campbell, who, in November 3, 1992 made a historic feat by becoming the first American politician with Native American roots to be elected as a senator. It was something that hasn't happened in more than the six decades that has passed in the senate history prior to his election to the office. Prior to that, he became the sixth politician with Native American heritage and ancestry to be ever elected to the congress, a seat that was given to him through the votes of the public for three times .Senator Campbell's Indian heritage is no secret. In fact, it seems that it is one of his many major personal characteristics that the media, as well as his colleagues, often refer to or address, particularly his being Ind ian, and his respectful stature in the Indian community, like being a Northern Cheyenne Tribe chief, a position he and only 43 others possess . Because of Campbell’s pride towards his heritage, his people in return are doing ways to let Campbell know that his act of holding on to his Native American Indian roots and not covering it up with modern day personality just to suit his high echelon colleagues and.So that he will suit their taste for a particular company, his native Cheyenne are going out on a limb just to celebrate the victory of one of their most accomplished sons. For example, many Cheyenne individuals joined the parade. Some of them spent as much as they can spare just to lavish Campbell and the parade with the decorations fitting to the act of congratulations coming from the Cheyenne tribe. Some actually spent more than they could spare just so they can claim Campbell as their own and they can show how proud they are of Campbell.â€Å"Six of the riders were Nor thern Cheyenne, who had bankrupted themselves to show the world that Campbell was one of their own . † Despite his Indian American / Native American Indian roots, Campbell was a Catholic from the time his mother, also a devoted catholic, had him baptized when he was still a baby by bringing him and his sister Alberta to a church to be baptized just close to the time Campbell was born, until the time when he seemed to have had a falling out with the Catholic faith.But Campbell, during his adult life and especially during his tenure as public office politician, drifted from religion, and proof of this is the item â€Å"unspecified† marked on the space allotted for the identification of religious affiliation of the individual. This distinction, again, made Senator Campbell someone who is different from the rest of the field in the 106th Congress. He was the only one whose religious affiliation was unspecified, although there were no clear explanation(s) why such was the ca se – it could be anyone's guess, from clerical error, mistake, or other reasons .His sudden dissociation with the Catholic faith was a surprising turn of events for Campbell. There are many good things that the Catholic faith has done for Campbell, especially during his youth. For example, there is the role of the faith during the times they were sent to the orphanage by their parents because they cannot take care of him and his sister because of their mother's sickness and their father's alcoholism and inability to financially support them.While the Catholic faith and the orphanage system had their share of bad reputation, history points how the Catholic experience was a relatively good one for Campbell. In retrospect, Campbell recalled how the nuns and priests, who took care of him when his parents were unable to take care of him, treated him well. In his recollection of his days with these priests and nuns, as he narrated it for his biography published in book form, he men tioned just several instances wherein he was punished like being sent inside a pig pen to be with a huge pig.

Canter’s Behavior Management Style Essay

Disruptive behavior in the classroom has become one of the most common issues in the educational process; negative behavior not only affects the students but the teacher as well. In order for a classroom to function in a positive manner giving the student and teacher the best environment to operate proper behavior and decorum are essential. There are many theories and discipline models teachers adhere to in modern classrooms of today one of the most influential in the area of discipline was developed by Lee and Marlene Canter. The Canter’s are both teachers and authors; their most famous book is called â€Å"Assertive Discipline† which is a how to book on how to rid the classroom of unwanted behaviors. The Canter discipline theory is based on teacher needs, wants and feelings. The Canter’s believe teachers have their own rights which include the following: â€Å"The right to establish classroom rules and procedures that produce the optimum learning environment, the right to insist on behavior from students that meets teachers’ needs, the right to receive help in disciplining from both parents and school administrators when support is needed. These rights are based on the Canter’s â€Å"Assertive Theory†. All teachers must clearly communicate what they expect from their students and that there are consequences should the rules not be followed (Canter, 2011). The Canter’s believe in a â€Å"take control† approach to the classroom. Their philosophy is teachers are there to teach and students are there to learn, misbehavior should not interfere in this equation. The Canter’s teach educators to take charge in the classroom and be assertive concerning their own wants and needs to their students. Examples of what the Canter’s communicate to teachers that are used in the classroom management today are: be straight forward with students, use firm tone of voice, make eye contact when speaking, use both verbal/non-verbal communication and continually state the teacher wants and needs. According to the Canter’s if the educator can use the above on a continued basis discipline should take care of itself (Kavanagh, & Lang, 2000). The following is a case study of a discipline problem found in classrooms. The information below is from a behavioral situation at an elementary school located in Phoenix Arizona. A nine year old student by the name of Billy (4th grader) is exhibiting disruptive behavior in a class reported by the teacher. The student (Billy) comes from a broken home where the father left the family unexpectedly a few years back. The mother recently re-married, the new spouse has a daughter roughly the same age as Billy: the relationship between Billy and his new sister is not considered ideal. The new spouse often confronts Billy’s mother in a loud voice in front of the children, the atmosphere is not considered conducive to a â€Å"family† environment. Billy is having issues inside as well as outside the classroom. The issues outside the classroom are in the form of arguments with fellow students and a lack of respect for teacher authority on the playground. Inside the classroom his disruptive behavior consist of talking when the teacher is talking which is not only disruptive to the teacher but other students as well. Billy will also speak out of turn, instead of raising his hand to answer a question he will simply blurt out the answer, he will also during this time mimic his teacher in a disrespectful manner. His attention to detail and attentiveness overall in the classroom continues to decline on a daily basis. Billy’s behavior seems to be a reflection of his new family environment. He seems to have authoritative issues and may not like his teacher; Billy seems to have a big problem with the teacher when confronted openly (in front of class) about his misbehaviors. Billy also has problems with his desk partner who is female and calls attention too many of his misbehaviors. According to Canter the educator should always have a goal of creating an environment where positive teaching behavior is the norm and necessary in order to achieve the goal of effective teaching despite disruptive students such as Billy. The teacher must attempt to control disruptive students such as Billy in a manner different from his/her current teaching model. Accordingly, the teacher’s classroom management plan in the area of discipline must be evident even in a class where there are very few children exhibiting disruptive behavior. Without a discipline management plan students such as Billy would continue along their path of disruptive behavior. The focus of Canter’s discipline model is the concept of teacher rights in the classroom. The Canter method is to show educators how to take charge in the classroom by taking into account student rights in conjunction with teacher rights. †¢The right to good behavior.  In the case of Billy the Teacher should start with the basic right to have good behavior from the students (Billy). This right should be set at the beginning of the school year when the teacher presents the set of rules. This right should also be made available to the parents of every student. †¢The right to expect support from parents/administrators. In the case of Billy parents must be made aware of the situation and support the teacher to help Billy correct the discipline issues. Billy also has basic rights in this situation â€Å"The right to have teachers who help them develop by helping them limit self-destructive and inappropriate behavior. † The teacher according to Canter can do this with simple actions such as a strong toned voice or by making eye contact. For Billy this can be dealt with at a few different levels. First make eye contact with Billy when the teacher feels the behavior is wrong, if this does not work then a stern voice , if this does not work talk to student privately voicing behavioral expectations and lastly if all the above does not do the job include the parents/administrators (Turrell, 1999). â€Å"The right to have appropriate support from their teachers for their appropriate behavior† (Canter, 2011) According to Canter this is done with positive reinforcement; let the student know when student is presenting appropriate behavior. In the case of Billy always pointing out the negatives and not giving positive reinforcement when he displays good behavior will not produce a productive disciplined student, the educator must have a balance. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"The right to choose how to behave with advance knowledge of the consequences that will logically and certainly follow† (Canter, 2011).  Every student should know at the beginning of class what is deemed appropriate behavior and if an act of misbehavior is executed consequences will follow, this should all be spelled out the first day of class in the class set of rules. Canter said: â€Å"Assertive teacher is more effective than the nonassertive or the hostile teacher. The teacher is able to maintain a positive, caring, and productive climate in the classroom. A climate of care and support produces the climate for learning. Canter believes the educator must present balance in their teaching approach, an educator cannot over emphasize the positive or the negative, if one outweighs the other the learning environment cannot be productive (Ferguson & Houghton, 1992). This is done through the Canter discipline model called â€Å"Assertive Discipline†. In Billy’s case it appears his home life is interfering with his behavior at school, it seems he is mimicking the behavior of his new father in some ways and it is up to the teacher to let him know these types of behaviors are not appropriate by using the Canter’s Assertive Discipline† model.