Tax Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tax Law - Essay Example Realized income is the money generated from normal business processes, and also additional cash generating issues like investment earnings. Recognized income entails recognizing revenue which is both received and earned. Revenue is recognized after the occurrence of significant transactions. Credit sales are not recognized income unless the business is adequately sure of getting payments. Return of capital illustrates investment returns that are not viewed as income. It illustrates when the total invested amount, is paid back to the investor. Investors are not taxed in return of capital unless the initial investment value is exceeded. Constructive receipt is applied to illustrate if the cash-basis taxpayer got the gross income. The taxpayer is taxed in the present year if he has adequate control in the determination of whether the income items will be paid. The tax benefit rule explains that if the taxpayer recovers loss and expense which was written off in the last year income, then the included value should be added to the present year’s gross income. Wherewithal to pay concept explains that tax collected must be done when the taxpayer can effectively and efficiently pay it. For example, appreciation in property values should be taxed in the tax transaction. The beneficial concept to the taxpayer is the return of capital concept because it ensures easy recovery of invested amount. The beneficial doctrine to the internal revenue department is the tax benefit rule; because it increases the gross income for taxation purposes.

The Strength of the Nuclear Family Within the Anglo-Saxon Economy Essay Example for Free

The Strength of the Nuclear Family Within the Anglo-Saxon Economy Essay This article is about England family set up and how this is related to the economy. This is an economy which is market oriented, and capitalistic in nature. England has unusually small families. Her family structure explains how family owned businesses are run in England. Family firms in England are managed by individuals. The writer claims that small families set up in England need civil society more as they need markets and commercial services. Additionally, small families are ideal for capitalistic economies as they are open and market facing. They are associated with high GDP. The writer asserts that economies with small families have GDP per capita of around â‚ ¬5,000 which is higher than that of regions with extended and egalitarian families. Family is one of the topics learnt in sociology. A small family is usually preferred due to economic advantages accompanied with it. It is easy to sustain and provide for. Most developed countries prefer small nuclear families. Usually as a country employs policy aimed at keeping population down through encouraging small family sizes. Small families are positively associated with good economic performance. They also affect business ownership and management. Borrowing from this article, encouraging small families will benefit the society at large. I never knew that the family structures in the society affect performance of the businesses and the economy. I thought it is through management and good governance economy will grow-family sizes plays a big role This article could have discussed the optimal family size and specify how many members should a small family constitute. It could have also discussed the negative effects of small families both in the social relationships and economic performance. There is a lively debate across Europe about what is happening to our families. And there is the endless argument about the relative strengths and weaknesses of the Anglo-Saxon economic model. In my new book I try to show the links between the structure of our families and the structure of our economies. Here is an account of England in the flat language of modern sociology: The majority of ordinary people in England†¦are rampant individuals, highly mobile both geographically and socially, economically rational, market-oriented and acquisitive, ego-centered in kinship and social life. But the quotation is from a description of England in 1250 by Alan Macfarlane, the historian who together with the great French thinker Emmanuel Todd has revealed the significance of family structures. England has had unusually small families, unusually weak local magnates, and unusually free peasants. It is not just different from Papua New Guinea or Pakistan, it is also quite different from France and Italy and most of continental Europe. This difference was recognized by Montesquieu that shrewd 18th-century French observer of human cultures, who observed: I too have been a traveller, and have seen the country in the world which is most worth of our curiosity—I mean England. Just as aerial photography can reveal the outlines of some long-lost medieval village so, if we know how to look, we can discern deep features of English society that endure to this day. So for example, we attribute the long-standing weaknesses in the productivity of the British economy to our lack of a Mittelstand, the strong medium-sized family businesses of the sort they have in Germany or France. We appear to be good at starting small businesses, and some of our big companies are very strong indeed. It is the high performance, solid, long-term, high-investment medium-sized companies in the middle that we seem to lack. It is not that we have fewer family owned firms—about 30% of mid-sized British firms are owned by a family, very similar to France and Germany. But we run them differently. Englands family structure helps to explain this. In France, unlike in England, land or a firm are not the freehold property of the individual; instead, they belong to the familys bloodline with an automatic right of inheritance within the family for all the children. In England, family firms are more likely to be run as the personal property of an individual who often manages the business himself or herself. In France and Germany, family firms are more likely to be held in common by whole family and seen as long-term property of a dynasty across several generations. As a result, they are more willing to bring in professional managers to run the business on behalf of the family. In France, 31% of family owned firms are run by an external manager as against only 23% in the U. K. (It is 60% in Germany. ) Of firms still owned by the founder, 44% in France are externally managed whereas it is only 14% in the U. K. (Again, it is 60% in Germany. ) This has a big effect on economic performance: If an inherited family firm brings in an outside manager it raises returns by six percentage points, a significant improvement in return on capital. There is no single right family structure. But the Anglo-Saxon model has its advantages, too. Small families need civil society more. But it was not just voluntary societies that provided mutual support. You need markets and commercial services as well. Instead of the mutual exchanges of the extended family, small families must buy services. If we need something we turn to yellow pages, not to an uncle. For example, insurance schemes, annuities, and savings help protect you when there is no wider family with any such obligation—one reason why England has a long history in financial services. Small nuclear families are open and market-facing, and that drives a particularly dynamic model of capitalism. Even now, when you control for country-level effects, areas of Europe with Anglosphere-style families have GDP per capita of around â‚ ¬5,000 a year higher than regions with extended and egalitarian families. Indeed, they are higher than all other family forms. Over the past 30 years, they have also outgrown them. These Anglosphere economies are outward-looking and flexible so they are good early adopters of new technologies. But they may not be so good at steady incremental improvements in performance with a given technology. And sometimes, as we have seen with new financial instruments, their sheer restless innovativeness can do catastrophic damage. Nevertheless, their flexibility can sustain them in the long run: It is very possible that in this coming decade, for the first time, more than half of the economic output of the developed world will be in English-speaking countries. We cannot easily change these fundamentals of our national identities. Indeed we specialize in different activities and structure our economies differently because of them. Vive la difference! —David Willetts is Member of Parliament for Havant. His book, The Pinch: How the baby boomers took their childrens future and why they should give it back is published by Atlantic

COMPOSITE MATERIALS Essay -- Sturctures, Types, Mechanical Propertie

The word composite comes from the latin â€Å"composititus† meaning made up of distinct parts. A composite material is a material composed of two or more distinct materials[1], or constituents, with one constituent acting as the reinforcing phase and the other as the matrix[6]. A composite material is defined by having different macroscopic behaviours, or chemical and physical properties then its constituent materials, and has a distinct interface boundary on the microscopic level[5]. Structure of Composites In a composite material the constituents are arranged generally with the reinforcement phase embedded in the matrix phase. Due to a composite being essentially a mixture between the reinforcement phase and the matrix there is no intermolecular bonding between the two, however, as in the case of fibrous composites, the most mechanically efficient structure is a criss-crossed fibrous lattice suspended in a material matrix. In the case of particulate composites however, the reinforcement phase acts essentially to strengthen the matrix material adding support. Types of Composites Composite materials are usually classified according to the type of their reinforcement phase. The two main types of composites are fibrous composites and particulate composites, which may again be divided further. In fibrous composites the fibres acting as the reinforcement, may be either continuous or chopped, and suspended in a material matrix. In composites in which the reinforcement phase is composed of either chopped or discontinuous fibres, the composite may have an either random or biased orientation. They may be used to make single layer composites or lamina. In particulate composites particles are suspended in a ... ...onent which gives little deflection when acted upon by a given weight is desirable, so a material with maximum ties in tension (E/Ï ) component which gives the least deflection for a given weight is that made of a material with a maximum E/Ï  (ties in tension), E1/2/Ï  (beam in bending) or E1/3/Ï  (plate in bending). As explained in the diagram below.[4] Works Cited 1 - http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/composite 2-http://composite.about.com/od/aboutcompositesplastics/l/aa060297.htm 3 - http://www.fibersonixx.com/Composites%20101.htm 4 - http://afrodita.rcub.bg.ac.rs/~rzoran/263-276%20from%20Engineering%20Materials%202.pdf 5-http://www.scribd.com/doc/36051965/Intro-to-Composite-Materials 6-DT260-2 BSc in Industrial and Environmental Physics - Mech Properties and Materials- CERAMICS 7-http://www.ehow.com/about_5149655_uses-composite-materials.html COMPOSITE MATERIALS Essay -- Sturctures, Types, Mechanical Propertie The word composite comes from the latin â€Å"composititus† meaning made up of distinct parts. A composite material is a material composed of two or more distinct materials[1], or constituents, with one constituent acting as the reinforcing phase and the other as the matrix[6]. A composite material is defined by having different macroscopic behaviours, or chemical and physical properties then its constituent materials, and has a distinct interface boundary on the microscopic level[5]. Structure of Composites In a composite material the constituents are arranged generally with the reinforcement phase embedded in the matrix phase. Due to a composite being essentially a mixture between the reinforcement phase and the matrix there is no intermolecular bonding between the two, however, as in the case of fibrous composites, the most mechanically efficient structure is a criss-crossed fibrous lattice suspended in a material matrix. In the case of particulate composites however, the reinforcement phase acts essentially to strengthen the matrix material adding support. Types of Composites Composite materials are usually classified according to the type of their reinforcement phase. The two main types of composites are fibrous composites and particulate composites, which may again be divided further. In fibrous composites the fibres acting as the reinforcement, may be either continuous or chopped, and suspended in a material matrix. In composites in which the reinforcement phase is composed of either chopped or discontinuous fibres, the composite may have an either random or biased orientation. They may be used to make single layer composites or lamina. In particulate composites particles are suspended in a ... ...onent which gives little deflection when acted upon by a given weight is desirable, so a material with maximum ties in tension (E/Ï ) component which gives the least deflection for a given weight is that made of a material with a maximum E/Ï  (ties in tension), E1/2/Ï  (beam in bending) or E1/3/Ï  (plate in bending). As explained in the diagram below.[4] Works Cited 1 - http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/composite 2-http://composite.about.com/od/aboutcompositesplastics/l/aa060297.htm 3 - http://www.fibersonixx.com/Composites%20101.htm 4 - http://afrodita.rcub.bg.ac.rs/~rzoran/263-276%20from%20Engineering%20Materials%202.pdf 5-http://www.scribd.com/doc/36051965/Intro-to-Composite-Materials 6-DT260-2 BSc in Industrial and Environmental Physics - Mech Properties and Materials- CERAMICS 7-http://www.ehow.com/about_5149655_uses-composite-materials.html

Travel Agency Strategy

H Travel Agency Strategy Plan February 25, 2013 This paper will look at the challenges that the travel agency is facing, detailing a plan for change based on observations of challenges that the HR department is facing. Using metrics to explain change and how they can assist senior management during the planning process. Furthermore there will be an outline for the determination of the HR strategic plan combined with methods for the recruitment and selection methods. The details provided should help in assisting the travel agency overcome their challenges with a new plan to help them grow and become a formidable opponent to the competition.The travel agency appears to have challenges with the employees and the HR department. There are no goals or structure for the employees to rely on, and no goals to achieve. There are six major functions of HR that are needed to be implementing in order for the change to begin in the Travel agency. According to Byars and Rue (2008) The Society for H uman Resource Management (SHRM) has identified six major functions of human resource management: 1. Human resource planning, recruitment, and selection. 2. Human resource development. 3.Compensation and benefits. 4. Safety and health. 5. Employee and labor relations. 6. Human resource research. (Byars & Rue, 2008). The HR department can start to outline a plan if HR, management and the employees all have clear communication and direction of what the HR department is for and how they assist the company and the employees. The challenges that the HR department will face is using, HRP (Human resource Planning), to align the company’s overall strategic plan with the appropriate employees in place to achieve this goal.According to Byars and Rue (2008) Human resource planning (HRP), also referred to as workforce planning or personnel planning has been defined as the process of â€Å"getting the right number of qualified people into the right job at the right time. HRP involves appl ying the basic planning process to the human resource needs of the organization. To be effective, any human resource plan must be derived from the strategic and operational plans of the organization.In essence, the success of HRP depends largely on how closely the human resource department can integrate effective people planning with the organization's business planning process. 5 Unfortunately, HRP is often inadequately tied to overall corporate planning. (Byars ; Rue, 2008). There are four statistical modeling techniques that can be used by the HR department to forecast the needs that the agency will need. The can use time-series analysis, personnel ratios, productivity ratios and the regression analysis.Another technique that can be used is benchmarking, â€Å"benchmarking involves thoroughly examining internal practices and procedures and measuring them against the ways other successful organizations operate. ’ Byars and Rue (2008). In order to meet the Demands of the co mpany and put a solid plan into place, a skills inventory should be completed to see what types of employees the company has and their skill sets to determine future training and advancement opportunities. A skills inventory consolidates information about the organization's human resources.It provides basic information on all employees, including, in its simplest form, a list of the names, certain characteristics, and skills of employees. Because the information from a skills inventory is used as input into promotion and transfer decisions, it should contain information about each employee's portfolio of skills, not just those relevant to the employee's current job. (Byars & Rue, 2008). The next step will be metric for the HR department to gather data that can be used to show the senior management areas of improvement, or areas that need a deeper focus.These metrics can show where the company spends the most of their time and money along with, areas of the company or departments tha t do not meet the desired metric goals. Metrics can show productivity based on a set desired goal for the companies employees. Metrics refers to any set of quantitative measures to assess workforce performance. Examples of metrics that HR might use include such things as analysis of the cost per hire, average length of time to fill a position, training cost per employee, turnover cost per employee, and new-hire performance by recruiting strategy. Byars & Rue, 2008). The reason that metrics are so important to the decision making of the senior staff is that they provide a starting point for the company to see where they need to start their focus for change. Being able to evaluate an employee’s performance will help coach and mentor the employee. Metrics provide real numbers that can show areas were training is needed to get the employees to a desired output or percentage goal. Communication of the desired results or a t new strategic plan can be tricky, especially to a skeptic al bunch that has really had no definition or goals in place.They are going to want to know what is in it for them. Communication is the key to ensure understanding. The whys must be answered, why this necessary, why are we doing this what is in it for me. In order to communicate these new changes all of these must be answered. The goal is to let the employees to know what HR does and what will be changing, for instance career planning, development and training. This will be to ensure that all employees have or will have the knowledge and skills to perform to the level that the company wants their employees to be at.Letting the employees know that they are here to assist them in getting to where they want to be, while providing them an outline of career path and training to keep them interested. Where there is room for advancement there is room for recruiting new staff member with skills to help the company grow. When it comes to recruiting, there are several methods that can be use d. Using internal sources at first, the organization will keep moral up as they seek already trained and qualified personnel.Another method is reaching outside the organization to bring in new talent with other perspectives and fresh ideas to bring to the team. â€Å"Organizations have at their disposal a wide range of external sources for recruiting personnel. External recruiting is needed in organizations that are growing rapidly or have a large demand for technical, skilled, or managerial employees. † (Byars & Rue, 2008). The external sources bring all types of employees plus they bring a wider skill set to choose from. Other sources include using job boards, advertising, web sites, job placement agencies, employee referrals and walk- ins.When it comes to the selection process there are things that need to be looked at, what exactly is the company in need of, where do they want to go, where have past internal and external employees gone within the company. Use the metrics to see what has panned out in the past. In conclusion the travel agency has been lacking clear direction for future growth. In order to grow and to achieve success, the HR department and management need to determine how to incorporate the strategic plan and goals of the company into the HRP.The HRP will then create goals, training and structure for growth in the company by determining what the company has in terms of employees and their skills. By determining the skills of employees then HR and management can determine the new metrics based off of the old ones and by using the metrics they can determine what changes need to be made first. By determining where the company is lacking in production will the help senior management determine what types of employees are needed for future success. References Byars, L. L. , & Rue, L. W. (2008). Human resource Management (9th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Blood Brothers Essay

You are the director of a new production of blood brothers. Give advice to the actors playing the roles of Eddie and Mickey about how to tackle the age changes. You must comment on at least two scenes in detail. If you have seen a production of Blood Brothers you may also refer to this. In the scene when you both meet for the first time you must consider your body language. You must consider how an eight year old would walk and stand. An eight year old would have fewer worries than someone who is older than them so they would walk not really paying much attention to what is around them. You would also have to think how someone who is better off would walk compared to someone who is from a less well off background. You have got to consider how to use the tone of your voice. At first they were a bit shy. But after they first met you would have to consider how an eight year old would not be shy so they would say anything so say your lines so the audience have no clue to what you will say next. Another important factor to consider is the way you deliver your lines. You should deliver your lines in a free flowing way. When they are swearing you should not feel like people might be offended. In the scene when you Mickey and Eddie meet for the first time after they have both moved to the country you should pay attention to your body language. This time Eddie and Mickey are both 16 – 17 years olds. So you have to think about how a 16 – 17 year old would act. A 16 – 17 year old would have more problems than a person of 8 years old but still not as many as an older person. You still have to consider how a person who is better off would act compared to a person from the ghetto. Again you would have to consider the tone of your voice. You would expect a teenager to swear more and they may speak with a slight mumble. Again you should consider the way you deliver your lines. In the scene when Mickey is trying to kill Eddie you should again pay attention to your body language. This time Eddie and Mickey are both in they’re thirty’s. Mickey is depressed and he has a lot of problems an example of which was that he was put in jail for his brother shooting someone. While Eddie on the other hand has few, because he has a successful business. Mickey has just realised that Eddie is seeing his girlfriend Linda. When Mickey is pointing the gun at Eddie, Eddie has to act scared because he fears for his life. Mickey is holding the gun so that he feels in control instead of having Eddie control his life. Mickey has to act confused because Eddie made his life; he gave him a job and a nice home. You again have to consider the tone of your voice. Mickey should say his lines in a sort of stuttery way. Eddie should deliver his lines in a scared voice, while Mickey should deliver his lines in a scared and confused way.

30 Powerful Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Full List 2017

30 Powerful Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Full List 2017 Compare and contrast essay topics. The list is formed by our writers to help you with ideas for your own topic to compare and contrast. Compare and contrast essay is a piece of writing that requires you to analyze an object or a phenomenon and points out its similarities and/or discrepancies. A full article about compare and contrast essay might be of use to you as well. Selecting a topic for a compare and contrast essay is a relatively easy task, especially if you are not limited to a single subject or area. However as it often happens, when you are assigned a paper, you are out of ideas and/or whatever you have simply doesn’t fit your initial requirement. Murphy laws dont cease to work, do they? Buy Compare-Contrast Essay from You can find great essay ideas right on this page; you can also purchase your essay from a writing service like ours. Getting your paper written by will get you a top quality product, written from scratch to meet your academic needs. As soon as you order your paper online, everything will be done for your convenience: we will pick the best writer to work on your paper, our customer support team will be working to assist you 24/7 and we will maintain contact with you throughout the writing process. We will give you best customer service, working on your comparison and contrast essay round the clock. If you are ready to place your order, our team of professional writers is ready to assist you. HOW TO WRITE A COMPARE AND CONTRAST ESSAY Below is a great list of topics  written by our professional writers to help you with ideas for your compare and contrast essay. Top 30 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics General Topics Compare the functions of accountants of the early 19th and 20th century. Have they changed? What are the core differences in the policy of President Obama and President Bush, Jr.? Compare and contrast the teachings of Allah, Buddha, and Jesus. Would you prefer to spend a vacation somewhere in the wild or in a 5-star hotel? What makes the difference? How is your college experience different from high school? What is better – an American or a Japanese car? Biology What is the difference between a virus and a bacterium? Compare an orange to a tangerine. Compare DNA sequences of chimps and humans. What are the similarities and what are the differences? Compare cell division (mitosis) to cell replication. Which is ‘more effective’ and why? What features make humpback whales mammals and not fish? Computers IT Compare and contrast capacities of the first Apple Macintosh 1980 and modern day MacBook Air. Compare and contrast features of Apple iPad 2 and Apple iPad 3. What are the differences between Windows 7 and Windows 8? Name three basic similarities and differences between Google Android and iOS. Compare SSD hard drives to traditional hard drives. Which would you buy? Management Compare autocratic to democratic styles of management. Which is more effective to overcome a crisis? What are the differences between strategic and tactical management? What are the differences between management and leadership? Compare management by the  objective to management by exception. Compare management and administration. Marketing Compare the marketing and sales. Compare marketing techniques used in two organizations (Pepsi vs. Coca Cola, BMW vs. Mercedes, McDonalds vs KFC). Compare marketing automation vendors Compare two marketing research companies. What are their main differences and similarities? Art Compare two paintings by Pablo Picasso and Alberto Morocco. Take a poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost. Compare major themes, setting and plot to the author’s life experience. Compare the statue of David by Bernini and Michelangelo. Compare Roman and Greek architecture. Compare music of Renaissance and Baroque. In case you are still having problems looking for an effective compare and contrast essay, let us know and we will be happy to assist. We employ a big team of professional writers who are able to write at any quality level, ranging from high school to Ph.D. What’s more, they have successfully completed thousands of compare and contrast essay and know what it takes to write effectively on any topic.

The Bell Jar essays

The Bell Jar essays In the novel The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath, the novel is set in America in the 1950s. The settings in the novel are often used as backdrops where Sylvia develops her critics. The protagonist Esther Greenwood ¡s experience in different places serves as critics of the idea that each place represents. The settings of the novel include metropolitan New York, suburban Boston and mental institutions. The novel began with Esther ¡s visit to New York after she had won her scholarship. Sylvia Plath used New York as a background where she develops her criticism for the American ideals of a metropolis. It ¡s here in New York that Esther develops the sense of detachment and inadequacy with the society and her peers. The chic metropolitan New York lifestyle was suppose to dazzle a small town girl like Esther, however its superficiality not only fail to impress her, it was loath upon. Esther has an enviable academic success, a New York way of lifestyle was what people expected Esther to live through and expected her to marvel and enjoy. Sylvia Plath ¡s tone of the narratives on the environment of New York are often critical. These show Esther never truly enjoy her stay in New York, Sylvia Plath ¡s descriptions often conveys a sense of dry and choking:  ¡Ã‚ ¡Kfake country wet freshness ¡K ¡  ¡Ã‚ ¡Kdry, cindery dust blew into my eyes ¡K ¡  ¡Ã‚ ¡Kfizzled to nothing outside the slick marble ¡K.of Madison Ave ¡ She never enjoyed the company of her peers.  ¡Girls like that makes me sick. ¡ None of them except Doreen, have any insights or distinctive character. To her, they were drowning in decadence and boredom. However, she seemed to be the only one who is feeling this way. Because all other girls believe that was the way it should be and Doreen was able to live an exciting life. Sylvia Plath also used New York as a symbol of career expectation for woman. It ¡s here Esther lost faith in society and was greatly disappointed...

6 Common Myths About Language and Grammar

6 Common Myths About Language and Grammar In the book Language Myths, edited by Laurie Bauer and Peter Trudgill (Penguin, 1998), a team of leading linguists set out to challenge some of the conventional wisdom about language and the way it works. Of the 21 myths or misconceptions they examined, here are six of the most common. The Meanings of Words Should Not Be Allowed to Vary or Change Peter Trudgill, now an honorary professor of sociolinguistics at the University of East Anglia in England, recounts the history of the word nice to illustrate his point that the English language is full of words which have changed their meanings slightly or even dramatically over the centuries. Derived from the Latin adjective nescius (meaning not knowing or ignorant), nice arrived in English around 1300 meaning silly, foolish, or shy. Over the centuries, its meaning gradually changed to fussy, then refined, and then (by the end of the 18th century) pleasant and agreeable. Trudgill observes that none of us can unilaterally decide what a word means. Meanings of words are shared between peoplethey are a kind of social contract we all agree tootherwise, communication would not be possible. Children Cant Speak or Write Properly Any More Though upholding educational standards is important, says linguist James Milroy, there is, in reality, nothing to suggest that todays youngsters are less competent at speaking and writing their native language than older generations of children were. Going back to Jonathan Swift (who blamed linguistic decline on the Licentiousness which entered with the Restoration), Milroy notes that every generation has complained about deteriorating standards of ​literacy. He points out that over the past century general standards of literacy have, in fact, steadily risen. According to the myth, there has always been a Golden Age when children could write much better than they can now. But as Milroy concludes, There was no Golden Age. America Is Ruining the English Language John Algeo, professor emeritus of English at the University of Georgia, demonstrates some of the ways in which Americans have contributed to changes in English vocabulary, syntax, and pronunciation. He also shows how American English has retained some of the characteristics of 16th-century English that have disappeared from present-day British. American is not corrupt British plus barbarisms. . . . Present-day British is no closer to that earlier form than present-day American is. Indeed, in some ways present-day American is more conservative, that is, closer to the common original standard, than is present-day English. Algeo notes that British people tend to be more aware of American innovations in language than Americans are of British ones. The cause of that greater awareness may be a keener linguistic sensitivity on the part of the British, or a more insular anxiety and hence irritation about influences from abroad. TV Makes People Sound the Same J. K. Chambers, a professor of linguistics at the University of Toronto, counters the common view that television and other popular media are steadily diluting regional speech patterns. The media do play a role, he says, in the spread of certain words and expressions. But at the deeper reaches of language changesound changes and grammatical changesthe media have no significant effect at all. According to sociolinguists, regional dialects continue to diverge from standard dialects throughout the English-speaking world. And while the media can help to popularize certain slang expressions and catch-phrases, its pure linguistic science fiction to think that television has any significant effect on the way we pronounce words or put together sentences. The biggest influence on language change, Chambers says, is not Homer Simpson or Oprah Winfrey. It is, as it always has been, face-to-face interactions with friends and colleagues: it takes real people to make an impression. Some Languages Are Spoken More Quickly Than Others Peter Roach, now an emeritus professor of phonetics at Reading University in England, has been studying speech perception throughout his career. And what has he found out? That theres no real difference between different languages in terms of sounds per second in normal speaking cycles. But surely, youre saying, theres a rhythmical difference between English (which is classed as a stress-timed language) and, say, French or Spanish (classed as syllable-timed). Indeed, Roach says, it usually seems that syllable-timed speech sounds faster than stress-timed to speakers of stress-timed languages. So Spanish, French, and Italian sound fast to English speakers, but Russian and Arabic dont. However, different speech rhythms dont necessarily mean different speaking speeds. Studies suggest that languages and dialects just sound faster or slower, without any physically measurable difference. The apparent speed of some languages might simply be an illusion. You Shouldnt Say It Is Me Because Me Is Accusative According to Laurie Bauer, professor of theoretical and descriptive linguistics at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, the It is I rule is just one example of how the rules of Latin grammar have been inappropriately forced on English. In the 18th century, Latin was widely viewed as the language of refinementclassy and conveniently dead. As a result, a number of grammar mavens set out to transfer this prestige to English by importing and imposing various Latin grammatical rulesregardless of actual English usage and normal word patterns. One of these inappropriate rules was an insistence on using the nominative I after a form of the verb to be. Bauer argues that theres no point in avoiding normal English speech patternsin this case, me, not I, after the verb. And theres no sense in imposing the patterns of one language on another. Doing so, he says, is like trying to make people play tennis with a golf club.

Situational Analysis for Massive Incorporated Essay

Situational Analysis for Massive Incorporated - Essay Example Profit. As with any business organization, Massive opts to generate profit from its products and services. This is to ensure that the business has enough funds to finance its operational costs and other projects. Clients. Being a pioneer in the market, the company aims to understand its client needs in order to deliver maximum satisfaction. Massive seeks to give a new source of revenue to developers, provide a new venue for advertisers to promote their products, and enhance the gaming experience of gamers through in-game advertisements. Leadership. As rivalry heats up in the in-game advertising industry, Massive wants to be ahead in the competition. The company seeks to become the number one choice of advertisers by gaining a strong foothold in the market. Leadership can be measured by looking at Massive's market share relative to its competitors. Massive Incorporated is a player in the in-game advertising industry. This industry is primarily responsible for the placement of ads in video games in different platforms. This industry is a response to the declining television viewing as males aged 18-34 spend more time playing games. This age group which represents a huge proportion of the global market is one of the highly sought demographic segments by advertisers. However, as they turn to video games for recreation, advertisers need to find a way to incorporate advertisements during playtime. Though Massive pioneered in-game advertising, business organizations have been very quick to realize the potential profit gain from this segment. Together with Massive, Double Fusion and IGA Worldwide captures the largest market shares. Some smaller start-ups and players in the video game industry are also taking the challenge of in-game advertising. Yankee Group reports that there are about 112 million people aged 13 and above in the United States participating in some form of electronic gaming. It is forecasted that the number will grow to 148 million in 2008. These gaming activities are being conducted on four specific platforms like consoles, personal computers, handhelds and mobile devices (Shields, 2005). Despite the rapid growth of the video gaming industry, it also faces numerous challenges. It should be noted that customers now demand the creation of video games which have more sophisticated story lines and graphic improvements. This has resulted to higher production costs as well as longer production time. On the other hand, the average commercial life of a video game has significantly dropped to less than one year. With the increasing competition among industry players, companies are launching new strategies to attract

Contemporary Trust Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contemporary Trust Law - Assignment Example If there are no beneficiaries with equitable interests in the trust assets, there is in theory no one "in whose favour the court can decree specific performance": Morice v Bishop of Durham (1804) 9 Ves.399. The complexity, of course, with this approach is that it frustrates the requirements of a settler or testator, who may want to profit a legitimate public object or useful social experiment which does not fall stringently within the definition of charity. A trust, for example, for the promotion of a particular sport (such as angling or yacht racing) is not charitable unless linked to education: Re Nottage [1895] 2 Ch. 649 and Re Clifford [1912] 1 Ch. 29. Similarly, a trust to be relevant income for the purposes of research into a proposed new alphabet also falls outside the description of charity: Re Shaw [1957] 1 W.L.R. 729. To what extent, however, is it legitimate to use the mechanism of a trust for the haulage out of mere purposes where there are no beneficiaries vested with equitable ownership in the trust property The law that a valid trust "must be for the benefit of individuals" (Bowman v Secular Society Ltd [1917] A.C. 406, 441, per Lord Parker) is not complete. A trust for charitable purposes is valid even with the absence of an equitable beneficial owner to put into effect the trust. Here, of course, it is the Crown (acting through the Attorney-General or the Charity Commissioners) who takes on the role of parens patriae on behalf of the public at large. Apart from this, there are several well-known "inconsistent" exceptions, classified by Lord Evershed M.R. in Re Endacott [1960] Ch. 232, where the trustee may perform the terms of the trust if he so wishes, but the court will not compel him to do so. These so-called "trusts of imperfect obligation" comprise (1) trusts for the creation of monuments and graves; (2) trusts for the saying of masses; and (3) trusts for the maintenance of particular animals. They will be valid (though unenforceable) provided they do not offend the rule against continuous trusts. Presumably, in the dearth of a beneficiary, the trustee is mutually the legal and beneficial owner of the trust property so that, if he fails or refuses to carry out the trust, the property will relapse back to the testator's residuary estate upon a resulting trust as to both the legal and equitable title. In reality, there is no trust here at all, rather a meagre power to apply for the stated purposes, with a contribution over or a resulting trust in evasion of exercise of the power. There are, of course, other cases where there may be a conviction despite the lack of an equitable owner. The understandable example is that of a discretionary trust in favour of a large class which is too large to list but, nevertheless, theoretically certain in definition. In the same way, there is no equitable title to the estate of a deceased person until such time as the administration is completed. The personal representatives are simply the legal owners during the administration

Management of Information and Operations Flow Essay

Management of Information and Operations Flow - Essay Example British Airways has adopted Astute Solutions to improve its flow of operations. While Astute ensures delivery of excellent responsiveness across BA’s global area network, Lean can be used to optimize the process. The focus should be on customers’ satisfaction through high-quality service provision. Carlzon (1987, p. 59) observes that the only true assets of the airline are its customers. The airline information and process flow should be focused on the customer. A smooth flow of the process cannot be achieved without an efficient and reliable operations process. British Airways is the leading United Kingdom International scheduled airline flying over 36 million passengers in over 216 destinations annually (British Airways 2014, p. 1). BA operates a fleet of 240 aircraft (Airbus and Boeing). Effective management of information and operations flow has propelled British Airways to the status of one of the most profitable airlines in the world. At one time, British Airways was the leading airline in terms of profitability. In 1996, British Airways overtook Singapore International Airways to become the global leader in profitability. However, towards the end of the millennium BA’s profits slackened, and it recorded the worst financial results in 18 years. BA Operational Research group that is considered to be the largest private sector research group in the UK played a great role in directing a change that helped BA to rise in terms of operations and profitability. Changes in operations included operations planning and delivery, flight and services, and crew resources. During the same challenging period (2000-2003), BA adopted Lean in order to avoid being pushed out of business. However, since its implementation, a loss of focus on the model of the management has been witnessed.

4.Review the main features of TWO welfare reforms passed by the post Essay

4.Review the main features of TWO welfare reforms passed by the post war Labour government 1946-1951 - Essay Example There were two main reforms that are still impacting the United Kingdom are the National Health Service and the National Insurance Act, both of 1946. The National Health Service (NHS) was a major achievement not only for the Labour government but also for the nation as a whole. This program allowed free medical treatment for everyone, not just the 21 million people who were covered by the National Health Insurance, the predecessor to the NHS. (Leichter 1979, p. 158) This program which was finally rolled out in 1948 was at first vehemently opposed by the majority of doctors who believed that this form of health coverage would end up ruining medical practices. The doctors who were originally opposed soon realized that their fears were unjustified and joined the ranks of those assisting the needy. The other major reform was the National Insurance Act which came into effect soon after World War II was officially over combined three already established insurance schemes into one. These three covered unemployment insurance, national health insurance, and the contributory pension. When the Act was put into place, it became necessary for all of the adult population to carry insurance, which was subsidized by the government and employers. (Barr 1993, p. 3) This ensured that all those of working age could receive care, therefore enabling more productivity. While not without issue, these two acts really changed the focus of how the United Kingdom saw assistance, and how individuals received it. Due to the recent conflict, the nation had already established a family allowance which in combination with the National Insurance Act and the National Health Service covered close to 100% of the population which was intended by the Labour Government as well as the driving force for the National Health Services, Aneurin Bevan. (Rintala 2003, p. 3) Although many liked the care, it was

Assignments Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Assignments - Assignment Example Therefore, involves fallacy of equivocation that encourages equality of parties. From the two argument presented by the pair, Zhou is self-centred as he tries to evade paying taxes by opposing government tax policy despite being wealthy enough to pay the taxes that can be distributed indirectly to help those who are poor to ensure equal distribution of wealth . However, despite existence of tax policy, there exist get-outs where wealth people go free without paying taxes hence measures such as follow up should be implemented to ensure everyone pays tax to facilitate the fallacy of equivocation. Third passage in the pair (Crittenden and Mirza) argument involves why American public school should shape up? Therefore, involves fallacy of slippery slope that is contradicted by the evidences provided by Mirza by providing an incidence of Continents such as Europe and Asia by displaying good student performance compared to students in America. Additionally, this can be evidenced by the history of industrialization where Europe became industrialized before

Small business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Small business - Research Paper Example It is important to determine WHY the business is being set up and what is expected out of it. In this case of opening a restaurant we have clearly defined objectives. It is aimed at serving fresh halal food to the target community that is mostly based on students so the specialty is going to be fresh, halal food at cheaper rates. Now it is important to determine the input and output means. Input includes all the budgeting, hiring of employees and setting up the place etc an the out put is the result that is in the form of customers’ response and the profits. So first of all we need to determine the scale of this input and output. It is important to keep in mind and have a regular check on the customers’ and the suppliers’ requirements and their ease. It is important to have a smooth customer relation with the suppliers of raw materials like meat etc for the restaurant. On the other hand the customers’ requirements should be kept in mind and they should be regularly updated according to their demands. So in case of this restaurant, the customers’ response to food items is very important. Food should be cooked according to their demands and the rates should be regularized according to the customers’ pockets. Getting the employees into the process of planning is also very important. Thus they would understand the whole system better and define things according to their own ease and so that would help in running the plan smooth. Moreover, in systematized planning, clear definition of duties and process owning is very important. The employees should not be confused about their duties nor should they be over burdened. A good division of labor according to the duties is important for running the system efficiently. All the employees should be told about their duties clearly and they should be asked about those duties by the management in a constant check. A proper management and check and balance or monitoring is very

Assignments Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Assignments - Assignment Example Therefore, involves fallacy of equivocation that encourages equality of parties. From the two argument presented by the pair, Zhou is self-centred as he tries to evade paying taxes by opposing government tax policy despite being wealthy enough to pay the taxes that can be distributed indirectly to help those who are poor to ensure equal distribution of wealth . However, despite existence of tax policy, there exist get-outs where wealth people go free without paying taxes hence measures such as follow up should be implemented to ensure everyone pays tax to facilitate the fallacy of equivocation. Third passage in the pair (Crittenden and Mirza) argument involves why American public school should shape up? Therefore, involves fallacy of slippery slope that is contradicted by the evidences provided by Mirza by providing an incidence of Continents such as Europe and Asia by displaying good student performance compared to students in America. Additionally, this can be evidenced by the history of industrialization where Europe became industrialized before

Marketing management exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing management exam - Essay Example However, summed with faulty anticipation of the market trends and too much investment in a particular project to support its aggressive marketing strategies, Tesco also had to face significant challenges in securing the desired return on its investment along with affecting its market reputation to a considerable extent. Illustratively, it was because of the same reason that the launching of Tesco’s fresh and easy store failed in the US market recently. Marketing Plan for the First Year: One of the major problems that Tesco is facing is maintaining accuracy in anticipating the changing needs and wants of the customers. Therefore, in the first year, Tesco should build such product management strategies that could identify the tastes and preferences of the potential customers. Besides ensuring the quality while offering the products to its potential customers, Tesco shall also try to renovate the older products according to the tastes and preferences of the customers to augment t heir demand. Similarly, as a market leader and to make a stronger appeal to its customers, Tesco should note that in the modern world the customers are becoming increasingly quality driven. Therefore, Tesco should reassess its marketing processes concerning certain products in order to attract the customers’ loyalty at a greater degree. To be specific, Tesco should also be concerned regarding its product quality rather than entirely focusing on pricing at a cheaper rate than its competitors. Tesco must also pay due attention on enhancing its customer relationship model to sustain its competitive advantages at stake owing to the rising competition and the various ethical issues surrounding its regular functioning. Accordingly, to maintain transparency and enrich its customer recognition, the company should emphasise taking regular feedbacks from its various stakeholders including customers, employees, suppliers and shareholders. As expected, the feedbacks shall assist Tesco to balance its shareholder-centric objectives and its sustainability goals in a more competent manner and overcome the currently observed challenges. Marketing Plan for the Second Year: In the following year, Tesco should deliver due emphasis on storing and interpreting the feedbacks obtained from the stakeholders. This will certainly assist the company not only to develop a more objective oriented business functioning to reward a better market stance but will also enrich its product/service marketing strategies, contributing to a more competitive advantage to the company. It will be noteworthy for the company to ensure that the feedbacks obtained from the customers and other group of stakeholders are not misinterpreted, which will further assure accuracy in its market anticipation. Likewise, the company can develop different strategies to suffice the market trends and demands in different places. It is very much essential in this context that Tesco aims at taking a competitive advant age of its brand name and keep focusing on its transparency obligations as well as better customer focus in its marketing operations. Besides, in the second year of application of this marketing plan, the company needs to take an assessment of the strategic application effectiveness. Accordingly, Tesco must also shift from its

Addiction and Behavior Essay Example for Free

Addiction and Behavior Essay Thesis Statement: In this paper, I will try and analyze addiction and the various behaviors that addiction will induce in an individual, and I will also describe the kinds of addiction that an average individual is prone to, and research the efforts that are being made for an addict to try to control his offensive behavior brought on by his addiction. Experts feel and do stress on the fact that addictions and compulsions of any kind stem and originate from an overwhelming feeling of not being in control of one’s life, and a need to gain some form of control over events that seem to be overtaking him or her. Certain addictions, however, possess genetic components, and are generally passed on within the family, where one member may have been addicted or been prone to compulsive behaviors. He may have inadvertently passed on this behavior to the next generation, and in these cases, this vicious cycle would continue. Addictions can be of several kinds. One such compulsion is that of an addiction to drugs or other substances, and another is an obsession for sex. Eating disorders can also qualify as addictions of compulsions, and overspending, gambling and overworking too are obsessive and compulsive disorders. According to experts, â€Å"The power of fantasy is the enduring power of addiction†, wherein an addict may be prone to developing fantasies of having gained a sense of control over his life, because of his addiction. The addict would then be quite unwilling to give up these drug induced fantasies and enter a normal life again, and this can be one of the major problems that an addict may face at the time when he is addicted; no matter what his addiction may be. The addicted individual would more often than not choose to induce mood changes in himself, instead of trying to address the actual causes of the stresses that he is faced with. Take for example an alcoholic; he would prefer to drink and blame the failure of his marriage on his spouse, rather than face the underlying issues behind the failure of his marriage. In this lies the causes and the reasons for his continued addiction to alcohol. Take the example of a money addict. This individual would prefer to binge on a spending spree, rather than face the underlying money issues, and making use of the money to settle his debts. In short, an addict behaves in such a way that he believes with strong conviction that no matter what stresses life may have to throw at him, he would be able to face them all, as long as he has his own addiction to get him through life’s tough situations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Earll, Steven, 2004) As a result of extensive scientific research done through the years, today one can be reasonably sure that addiction as such can be qualified as a disease that affects one’s brain as well as one’s behaviors. It is interesting to note that in the past, scientists attributed addictive behaviors related to drug and alcohol abuse to the fact that the user lacked in willpower, and that he could, if he wished to, bring an end to his addictions. This was the view that shaped most of society’s responses to addicts; an addict was viewed as a morally flawed individual, who displayed serious moral failing by being unable to control his own behaviors. It is only today that the average individual is able to comprehend the basic fact that addiction may be the result of a combination of different factors, and that it can must be treated as a disease than could cause great harm to one’s health. Scientists today use this vital knowledge to create and develop effective methods of treatment, which would be able to reduce the toll that addiction has on the individual’s family and friends. Today, preventive drug abuse has gained precedence over other forms of treatment, and this has been proven to help addicts get over their addictions with a reasonable amount of success. Drug addiction or abuse as such can be described as a chronic and relapsing disease that affects the brain of the user, despite the user being aware of the fact that such abuse can result in grave consequences for him in the long run. One must remember that the longer an individual is addicted to drugs, the more harmful the impact of the drugs on his brain, and the more harmful his behavior may become. To understand the true nature of addiction, one must first try to understand why people take drugs, and exactly why they become addicted to drugs and other substances. One of the more important and one of the first reasons according to researchers is that an individual starts taking drugs so that he may feel good. Most drugs induce a sense of great pleasure in the individual who has taken them, and more importantly, the user feels a sense of power, self confidence and self assurance that he would never feel in normal life. Perhaps, the sense of power, feelings of relaxation and of intense satisfaction that the drugs have given him induces him to take more, and then some more, until the time when he can no longer control his intake, and at which time he is considered to be addicted. Individuals, who may suffer from feelings of acute anxiety, or from stress related disorders, or from clinical depression, are also prone to use drugs to help them overcome these feelings. Some others may feel that drugs may help them perform better, like for example an athlete, who may take performance enhancing drugs that would help him win. Adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to drug addiction, perhaps because of peer pressure, or simply because ‘others are doing it, why not me?’ the sad fact is that although drugs may offer the user a sense of satisfaction and power at the outset, it is true that as time goes by, the user will feel that he has to take more quantities of the same drug, if he wished to achieve the same feelings of euphoria and pleasure. It is at this time that the user realizes that he would not be able to function without a ‘fix’, at which time he may be considered an ‘addict’. Drug addicts reach a point of time when they pursue the drug as if it were a lifeline, regardless of the behavioral problems that the Drug usage may cause in them, and the trouble that they may be causing others around them, because of the drug usage and addiction. It is at this point of time that drug usage becomes known as drug abuse and addiction, and it is at this point that the addict’s self control becomes severely strained and impaired. Scientists have conducted brain imaging and mapping studies of drug addicts, and the findings show that for addicted individuals, physical changes become evident in the areas of the brain that would normally control judgment, decision making, memory, and even behavior control. These are the changes in the brain that affect the addict’s behaviors, and they may well be able to shed light on the compulsive and the addictive behaviors displayed by an addict. A tragic factor is that an adolescent’s brain continues to develop and grow into adulthood, and when the adolescent uses drugs and becomes addicted to them, then he undergoes dramatic changes in his pre-frontal cortex, that area of the brain that would enable him to assess a particular give situation, make decisions based on his judgment of that situation, and keep his desires and yearnings under control, as any normal adolescent would do. This means that the adolescent would be forced to lose control over a given situation, and submit to the influence of drug addiction on his behavior. Therefore, say experts, introducing drugs or other substances at this stage of development would automatically have a long lasting negative impact on the young person who has become addicted. (Volkow, D Nora (2007)

Dual Setting β-tricalcium Phosphate Composite Cement

Dual Setting ÃŽ ²-tricalcium Phosphate Composite Cement Dual Setting ÃŽ ²-tricalcium Phosphate Composite Cement Obtained by 3D Printing Abstract: Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) could be employed as synthetic bone graft substitutes or in the manufacture of scaffolds for tissue engineering. The limitations of these systems are their low mechanical strength, which limits its use to places with small mechanical stresses; however, the use of polymeric additives such us acrylamide (AA) and ammonium polyacrylate (PA), reinforced the system through in situ polymerization and increase the mechanical properties of the final piece. Moreover, the fabrication of the cement scaffolds through rapid prototyping technologies at low temperatures such as 3D printing, will allows the fabrication of more complex forms and customization of implants. Thus, the objective of this work was the evaluation of the ÃŽ ±-tricalcium phosphate/AA/PA system in the fabrication of scaffolds by rapid prototyping technology. The results showed slight differences between the porosities of the printed pieces (61% for cylindrical test bodies and 59% for rectangular ); but water absorption was significantly different for each type of printed form. Mechanical strength (1.3MPa) and flexural stress (3.2MPa) were lower than expected due to the high porosity of the samples although the morphology of the final material showed the presence of homogeneous and interlinked network of hydroxyapatite crystals. Nevertheless, printed materials might be used as spongy graft substitutes or scaffolds for tissue engineering in low-mechanical solicitation. Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) could be employed as synthetic bone graft substitutes or scaffolds for tissue engineering allowing the fabrication of more complex geometries and the customization of the implants mainly due to the possibility of be molded [1]. Moreover, the use of additive manufacturing technologies at low temperatures such as 3D printing permits the fabrication of pieces with enhanced performance over traditional techniques [2-3]. Usually, the obtained pieces have low mechanical strength, which limits its use to places with small mechanical stresses; however, the use of polymeric additives such as acrylamide (AA) and ammonium polyacrylate (PA), could reinforce the system through in situ polymerization and increase the mechanical properties of the final piece [4]. Some studies reports the use of calcium phosphate powders such as à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢-tricalcium phosphate, tetracalcium phosphate, and ÃŽ ²-tricalcium phosphate [ÃŽ ²-Ca3(PO4)2; ÃŽ ²-TCP] as row material in the manufacture of scaffolds by means of 3D printing technology [5-8]. However, none of the reported studies refer the use of dual setting ÃŽ ²-TCP-based cement hydraulic system as proposed by the authors. Thus, the aim of this work was the fabrication and characterization of a dual setting composite cement based on ÃŽ ²-tricalcium phosphate (ÃŽ ²-TCP)/AA/PA by 3D printing technology. A Z310 Plus Printer Prototyper was used to print the pieces. Previously shyntethized ÃŽ ²-TCP powder [9], was mixed with ammonium persulfate [(NH4)2S2O8] and placed in the printer chamber. Powder layer thickness was set to 0.0875mm and binder liquid/powder ratio was 0.31mL/g. The binder was composed by a solution of 5%wt Na2HPO4, 10%wt acrylamide (AA), 1% N,N methylenebisacrylamide and 0.5% N,N,N,N- tetramethylethylenediamide [4]. Pieces in the form of cylinders and rectangles for compressive and 4 point bending assays were prototyped. Phase composition of the samples was determined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) in a PHILLIPSà ¯Ã†â€™Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ diffractometer (X ´Pert MPD). Morphological differences were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) using a JEOL microscope (JSM-6060). Compressive strength (CS) and flexure stress (FS) were measured in servohydraulic Universal Testing Machine (Instron 3369) with a load measuring cell of 2kN and a loading rate of 1 mm/min. Figure 1 shows a photograph of the printed materials after removing powder excess. Minor differences were observed in relation to the original sample size. Figure 2 shows the XRD patterns of ÃŽ ²-TCP powder and prototyped cement after 7 days in water/37.5 °C. After setting and aging, some ÃŽ ²-TCP peaks (JCPDS 09-0348) could be identified in addition to the characteristics peaks of CDHA (JCPDS 46-0905). Mechanical properties, water absorption apparent porosity and density can be observed in Table 1. Values of both compressive strength, and flexure stress were very low. Slight differences between the values of apparent porosity of the samples were found as a function of the arraignment of prototyped piece; on the other hand, apparent density values were the same regardless of the format of the piece. Microstructural features of the prototyped material are shown in Figure 4. Typical petal-like plates distinctive of setting and hardening ÃŽ ±-TCP-based cements can be observed both on the surface and the fracture surface. However, the size of the crystals in the inside of the material is higher (à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¾5à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­) than those found in the surface and a greater homogeneity is observed. In addition, some unreacted ÃŽ ±-TCP grains and macropores from about 5 microns of diameter can be observed at the outward of materials. No evidence of the presence of the hydrogel formed during the in situ polymerization of acrylamide was observed. Usually, strength is difficult to reproduce for ÃŽ ²-TCP-based CPCs because of the variability of ÃŽ ²-TCP phosphate properties from different sources. Factors like mean particle size and distribution, specific surface area, wettability, and phase impurities markedly influence the properties of the resulting cement. Since the precipitation of CHDA is responsible for the adherence and interlocking of the crystalline grains, which results in hardening; the fall of the mechanical strength can be attributed to the low transformation of ÃŽ ²-TCP into CDHA (Eq 1) according to the results of XRD. The value of the apparent density was close to the theoretical density of ÃŽ ²-TCP (2.86g/cm3), confirming no transformation of this phase into CHDA. When polymerization is conducted in aqueous slurry of ceramic powder, the resulted crosslinked polyacrilamide hydrogel is able to bind the ceramic particles and provide strength to the resulting system [10]. However, the addition of acrylamide to the system apparently did not work as reinforcement of the ÃŽ ²-TCP-based cement as expected. Moreover, the presence of the hydrogel after polymerization could be prevented the solubilization of the ÃŽ ²-TCP particles and subsequently inhibited the precipitation of the CDHA; so the strength of materials decreases. Furthermore, the high porosity of the prototyped materials also negatively influences the mechanical strength obtained. Water absorption values were not significantly different from those found for samples of cement without additions hydrogel [11], which reinforces the idea that it could be possible that the in situ polymerization of the acrylamide have not occurred. SEM results showed the presence of large number of plate-like crystals of aged CDHA in both: surface and fracture surface. Differences in the sizes of the crystals are due to the mechanism of hydrolysis which is dependent on the diffusion of fluid through the layer formed and occurs from the inside to the outside of the material. However, even though the presence of this entanglement of CDHA is responsible for the mechanical strength, the existence of unreacted ÃŽ ²-tricalcium phosphate and the high porosity of the prototyped materials are critical factors in the final properties of the cement. In conclusion, it is possible to obtaining scaffolds of dual setting hydraulic cement by 3D printing. The mechanical properties thereof are low for applications where high mechanical stresses were required. Nevertheless, the obtained pieces were high porosity and could be used as scaffolds for cellular growth and cancellous bone replacement. Acknowledgment The authors acknowledge the financial support from CNPq-the National Science and Technology Development Council (Research Grant 190005/2013-0). 1

The Day Elvis Almost Died :: Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay

The Day Elvis Almost Died I was riding in the backseat of my parents' red Cutlass on a warm fall day in 1984. My only entertainment was listening to the sucking sound the back of my thigh made when I lifted it off the sticky vinyl seat. I remember seeing patchwork fields of rainbow-colored leaves resting on the yellow grass, wishing that I could rake them into big piles, so I could run through them, scattering them across the field again. I rolled the dusty window down to get a better look at the pastures as the hard wind rushed in over my face and through my hair. I stuck my head through the window and opened my mouth, so my cheeks would puff out like Dizzy Gillespie's when he played his trumpet. Slowly, my cheeks began to deflate, and the wind softened as my dad braked the car to turn into the driveway of my grandparents' home, the location of our annual May family picnic. My whole family had already arrived when we showed up. All my uncles immediately bombarded the car, playfully snickering with my dad about always being late so he would not have to help them cook. My Papa Joe, with his Afro of white hair, and my Grandma Lee Lee, who limped like a peg-legged pirate because one leg was shorter than the other, were sitting in lounge chairs talking about how much I had grown. My Uncle Kelly, whose left arm was shot off by his ex-wife during an argument, was walking around, complaining about how he was going to starve if he didn't eat soon. My Aunt Rosie, who always wore a tiny pair of rose earrings and kept a wad of chewing tobacco in her mouth, talked with my mom between spits of brown, runny liquid directed into her plastic cup. Including my cousins and a few distant relatives, approximately twenty-five people were there talking, laughing, and mingling. And there I was, all alone in the land of giants with only my cowgirl Barbie to protect me. I felt like a guppy trying to swim upstream with a school of trout. Even though we had only been there for five minutes, finding my dad and leaving were my priorities.

Leadership Attributes Of Mark Zuckerberg Essay

Mark Zuckerbreg was born on 14 May 1984 at White Plains, New York. He is best known as CEO of Facebook. Mark Zuckerberg is a technology innovator, CEO, Internet Tycoon and philanthropist who earned multi-billionaire status by his mid-20s. As the cofounder, chairman, and CEO of Facebook, Zuckerberg redefined the social media market and connected people in ways never thought possible. Zuckerberg recently topped a list of â€Å"Highest Rated CEOs† from online career community Glassdoor. The list was the result of employee reviews over the past 12 months. Technology Sensation Born into a well-educated family in New York, Zuckerberg developed an interest in computers at an early stage. He created his own messaging program at the age of 12, dubbed â€Å"Zucknet,† which his father used in his dental office. He would create games and programs under a private computer tutor, who later told reporters that it was hard to stay ahead of the technology prodigy. While still in high school, companies like AOL and  Microsoft expressed interest in buying his software and hiring him, which he declined. Later enrolling at Harvard University, Zuckerberg developed a reputation as a strong programmer and software developer. He created programs like CourseMatch, which helped students choose their classes based on the selections of their peers, and Facemash, which compared pictures of two students and allowed users to vote on who was more attractive. While popular, none of these programs matched to the later success of Zuckerberg’s development of Facebook. Approached by Divya Narendra, and Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss, Zuckerberg began working on a project called The Harvard Connection, a sort of dating site for the Harvard elite. Zuckerberg later dropped out and began working on his own site with friends Dustin Moskovitz, Chris Hughes and Eduardo Saverin. This site, which started as thefacebook.com, allowed users to create their own profiles, upload photos, and network with users at specific universities. Run out of a dorm room at Harvard until June 2004, thefacebook.com thrived, and Zuckerberg dropped out to pursue it full time. By the end of 2004, Facebook boasted 1 million users. The site began to evolve. At first, it was only available to certain schools. Thanks to investments from venture capital firms, the site eventually opened up to other schools, then to the general public. Early on, Zuckerberg was turning down offers from Yahoo! and MTV Networks. â€Å"The thing that we are trying to do at Facebook is just help people connect and communicate more efficiently,† he said. Instead of taking lucrative offers (Yahoo! reportedly offered Zuckerberg $1 billion), Zuckerberg focused on expanding the site to bring as much value to users as possible. But legal troubles from his early dealings with The Harvard Connection plagued him, as depicted in the Academy Award-nominated movie â€Å"The Social Network.† Zuckerberg later noted that much of the story was exaggerated for Hollywood. â€Å"I just think people have a lot of fiction,† he said. â€Å"But the real story of Facebook is just that we’ve worked so hard for all this time. The real story is actually probably pretty boring, right? We just sat at our computers for six years and coded.† Despite some of the negative depictions in the movie and the lawsuit filed by the Winklevoss twins, Zuckerberg and Facebook continued to thrive. He was named Time magazine’s Person of the Year in 2010, and Forbes has ranked him at No. 36 on its 400 list, estimating his net worth at $13.3 billion as of March 2013. Transformation from a Hacker to  a CEO and then to a Leader With Facebook’s stock price crashing and employee morale sinking, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg stepped up and delivered a home run he would never have been able to hit even just a year ago. Zuckerberg has been under fire the last few months for Facebook’s plummeting stock price. A darling of Wall Street before its IPO, Facebook fell to half its IPO price in just a few months. As a result, a growing chorus of critics has called for new leadership at Facebook. Some have even called for Zuckerberg himself to resign. Zuckerberg answered his critics at the TechCrunch Disrupt conference. During a wide-ranging interview with CrunchFund’s Michael Arrington, Zuckerberg addressed everything from the company’s plummeting stock price to its plans for mobile. By all accounts, Zuckerberg did a spectacular job. As a result, shares of Facebook have surged by 13 percent since then. It is a clear step in the right direction. If we compare his performance to his previous interviews, we can clearly see the change in his personality. He was stumbling during the interview and when he was asked few tough questions, he started sweating on stage. The new Mark Zuckerberg on stage at Disrupt didn’t look anything like the guy who squirmed at the D Conference just two years prior. No, this Zuckerberg was poised, confident, and articulate. He spoke fast, but only because he was clearly excited by Facebook’s future. Zuckerberg was able to simultaneously rally the Facebook troops and Wall Street with just his words. This is something he would never have been able to do even just a year ago. He wasn’t born with Steve Jobs’ onstage charm — instead, he had to work up to the comfort level he exuded on stage at Disrupt. We can witness a new chapter in Zuckerberg’s maturation. He was once a hacker who had to become a CEO. Now he’s a CEO who’s transforming into an articulate leader, the type a public company with sky-high expectations needs. Personal Traits There is one important element which can help or makes a particular person to achieve success; it is the personality of the person itself. Personality basically is the kind of personal characteristics which influence the behavior as well as perception and attitudes. It is an inner psychological  characteristic which cannot be copy such as emotion and taught. It can be build from the influence of heredity, or early childhood experiences. No doubt, personality of a person can be change due to the major life events and by the gradual maturing process. There are many personality classification methods; we had chosen the Big Five Model of Personality traits which are the most widely accepted way to classify personalities and to describe the personality which in Mark Zuckerberg. This model has been divided to five major dimensions i.e. Surgency, Agreeableness, Adjustment, Conscientiousness, and Openness to experience. Surgency personality dimension includes leadership and extraversion tr aits. Mark showed his strong surgency as he wants to be the person who is in charge instead of being the dominance of the others. Mark did not really accept or commit with the twin Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss idea which they try to hire Mark to build a dating, a social site which they called Harvard Connection. As a high surgency person, Mark does not like to be the dominance of others so he creates the website Facebook instead of working for the Winklevoss. The strong surgency has lead Mark to the success that he is enjoying today; if he had chosen to work for Winklevoss, he might still be a small potato and not much people would know about him. Dimension of agreeableness includes traits related to getting along with people. Besides that, if a person has high agreeableness, that person might be more sociable and spent more times with his or her friends. According to Mark Zuckerberg’s friends, he is an introverted person as they said he is kind of a geek who feels little uncomfortable around other people. Furthermore, they even speculated that that introverted personality of him had helped him deal with his creation of Facebook. The adjustment personality dimension includes traits related to emotional stability. Mark shows that he does not have a good adjustment personality; he created the facemash when he feels upset about a girl. Facemash is software where it uses to compare students to what kind of farm animals which seems like unethical to others. This software had helped him in the path of success as this software lends him some idea while creating Thefacebook.com. The high degree of conscientiousness of Mark has leaded him to the way of success, he is a hardworking, and always willing to put in extra time and effort to accomplish goal to achieve success. His willingness to put in extra time to complete something, such as he uses eight hours to  create the Facemash site. So, we can see that when he got an objective that need to be achieved, he will show his high conscientiousness to work on that aim in order to achieve success. The high openness to experience in Mark had made a big contribution to his success path, as he is a person who is willing to try and always willing to change. The Facebook which he had launched made a huge change in the connection between everyone in the world. Besides that, he keeps on developing the Facebook which was named as Thefacebook previously, in order to help people to connect, find new friends and share photos. He states in his Facebook account that his personal interest is about openness, making things that help people connect and share what is important to them, revolutions, information flow and minimalism. Besides that, from the beginning of Course Match until Facebook, the personalities of Mark willing to try and change had helped him to come out with something which can really connect people easily – Facebook. Situational Leadership style Leadership is the process of the influencing made by the leader to the follower to change them to achieve the organizational goal. Leadership is an important element for a successful leader, as the leader needs to have enough potential and abilities to influence his/her followers to work according to the leader’s objective or goal. However, if a good leadership style is being implemented, it can more or less help the employees to create organizational citizenship. Furthermore, the effective behavior of the leader may also determine the future or fate of the organization obviously. Besides, for Mark Zuckerberg leadership is basically about creating focus. It is about ensuring we are focused on the right stuff and getting good people in to help build what we are trying to do. From the way he doing things, we can see that Mark is actually quite a democratic style leader. He does not really act like a dictator as he is open to take and listen to others opinion and suggestion. When there was some crisis where people started to dislike Mark and said that Mark should be replaced, Reed – the recruiter of Facebook had talked to Mark. She told Zuckerberg what should he do in order to gain the favor and trust from the followers, then he did take her advice and started to get lessons on how to be an effective leader by seeing an executive coach. From the incident above, Zuckerberg shows his  high degree of acceptance to his dominance or followers ideas. Besides that, Zuckerberg is one of the people-oriented types of leader. He had asked for help from Sean Parker, who is a very talented person who created Napster, but had a bad reputation of getting around with bar, alcohol, drugs and always surrounded by girls. Zuckerberg did not concern about his bad reputation but he wanted the talent of Sean Parker who is also described as a business artist. In the end, Parker did help Zuckerberg with a lot of things in order to achieve the success of Facebook with the talent which Parker has. Zuckerberg is a good leader as we can see that he lead the Facebook to a greater and successful path. Without having the good behavior and guidance in him, Facebook would not able to be success and his followers love to work with him. Traits of Effective Leader, as seen in Mark Zuckerberg Dominance Dominance is the one of the most effective and major trait of leadership. Successful leaders want to take the charge and the responsibilities. Dominance trait effects all the other traits related to effective leaders. Mark has shown a very strong dominance trait as he has always shown this thing that he wants to take the charge and have a dominant personality. As mentioned above, if he had just followed what he was asked to do, he might not even have invented Facebook. High Energy To be a good leader, to go places, you must be willing to go further than others have and do things others won’t. He worked his ass off, did things he was uncomfortable with (like travelling across continents to speak to audiences about his vision) and did what had to be done to build his company. Intelligence No one can doubt about the intelligence of Mark Zuckerberg. Starting from very young age, inventing his own software programs, and then getting into an IVY League university and last but not the least, invention of Facebook, this all shows the very strong trait of Intelligence in Mark Zuckerberg. Flexibility Mark Zuckerberg has shown flexibility in his character. He has always been  open to change and has never been afraid of taking new steps and doing something new. Perhaps no Internet businessman has spit in the face of this attitude more than Mark Zuckerberg. Despite Facebook’s status as a social networking giant, Zuckerberg and Co. have never shied away from changing the user interface (sometimes in the face of protests) or shaking things up in the effort to break new ground. Though not all of his changes have been successful, a surprising majority of them have stood the test of time and boosted Facebook’s following. Integrity Mark Zuckerberg faces criticism for his unconventional leadership of Facebook as a business. Facebook was not originally created to be a company. It was built to accomplish a social mission that was, to make the world more open and connected. Zuckerberg has shown strong integrity in his leadership by remaining consistent with his mission to make the world more opened and connected. He went incredibly far to make absolutely sure that this mission would not be compromised by maintaining a majority stake of the voting shares of Facebook. Locus of Control Recently, Facebook has had a lawsuit against them with the Beacon advertising system. After the court ruling, Zuckerberg made a public apology for the system and took full responsibility for the mistake. This shows that Mark Zuckerberg has an internal locus of control. Instead of blaming some other force, he took control of the situation. Self Confidence Even though Mark Zuckerberg seems to be quiet and humble, he’s also extremely self-confident. He has always had strong faith in himself and in his vision. He didn’t let naysayers along the way deter him or bring him down. He is able to persevere through criticism and any obstacles or setbacks because he continues to believe in himself no matter what anyone else says about Facebook. Sensitivity to Others Initially, it looked like Mark isn’t that much sensitive to others, as he was accused of using the idea of his class fellows and then cutting them out of the plan. But, since in 2012 he was named as the Best CEO and from the feedback that was given by his employers, it became apparent that he has  changed himself and had become sensitive to others and their feelings. Stability Mark shows that he does not have a good adjustment personality; he created the facemash when he feels upset about a girl. But as this has been mentioned earlier before, Mark has gone through a lot since he has became the CEO of the Facebook and has brought a lot of positive changes in himself, and stability is one of them as well. He has shown very strong emotional stability at various places and incidents. He has taken criticism openly and has faced all the difficulties while staying strong. Leadership Grid Theory Leadership grid theory explains leadership behavior on the basis of two dimensions which are concern for production and concern for people. Mark Zuckerberg is one of people oriented types of leader and He is also more concerned for quality and good work by employees. Due to these reasons he falls in The Team Leader style which is 9.9 in Leadership Grid Theory. Leadership Continuum Theory If we have a look at the Leadership Continuum Theory then we can see that Mark falls somewhere around 6th defined trait. He has received a 99% approval rate from his employees and they have said that they love working at Facebook reason being that what they say and think is considered and it matters to mark. Every decision taken at Facebook is a group decision. PATH-GOAL THEORY. Zuckerberg’s leadership style has been in question and will be in question as Facebook prepares to switch its funding to IPO. I believe Zuckerberg is a perfect example of path-goal theory. Path-goal leaders as we know need to adapt their style to one that allows their subordinates to achieve a specific goal. This can be done by being directive, supportive, participated, and achievement oriented. Zuckerberg fits all criteria. Throughout the growth  and development of Facebook he has changed his style to continuously achieve their overall goal. To start he began the company as a directive leader; providing guidance and instilling the psychological structure that the company needed in order to have constant expansion. It is hard to convey an idea to another, especially if it is one that could change the way society operated. Once Zuckerberg set the foundation of psychological structure, he could sit back and play a more supportive role. Being supportative allows for the vision of Facebook to take hold. Currently though Zuckerberg is the best demonstrator of a participative style. Facebook is now self sustaining and doesn’t need a hard-nosed leader under its ranks. The best way we can see this style of leadership in action is through his own Facebook page. He is currently promoting the need for driven individuals such as himself to work for the company. The Myers-Briggs Test Zuckerberg is known to be incredibly confident and decisive in his decisions. When he strives for something he reaches it and stands strong on the decision. This was shown to the many Facebookers years ago with timeline. When timeline was introduced, many users did not like it, but Zuckerberg stuck to his guns and kept it. Along with his decisiveness, Zuckerberg tends to be ‘robot like’ and socially awkward. People that have interacted with him say this because when having a conversation, Zuckerberg is straight to the point. As Time Magazine states, â€Å"He approaches conversation as a way of exchanging data as rapidly and efficiently as possible, rather than as a recreational activity undertaken for its own sake. He is formidably quick and talks rapidly and precisely, and if he has no data to transmit, he abruptly falls silent.† This shows him as being very analytical and specific. Zuckerberg is known to be an introvert as well. He doesn’t openly talk about himself and is well reserved. Even when in an interview, he answers the question that’s asked, but gives no additional or side information. From the above examples and descriptions, when taking the Myers-Briggs test, Mark Zuckerberg would be an ISTJ (Introvert, Sensing, Thinking, and Judging). ISTJ’s are quiet, serious, practical, logical, orderly, and loyal. Additionally, Mark Zuckerberg tends to have high  self-efficacy. Zuckerberg has confidence in his abilities. People with self-efficacy tend to overcome obstacles and work toward a specific goal. Zuckerberg has done this with the success of Facebook. Recently, Facebook has had a lawsuit against them with the Beacon advertising system. After the court ruling, Zuckerberg made a public apology for the system and took full responsibility for the mistake. This shows that Mark Zuckerberg has an internal locus of control. Instead of blaming some other force, he took control of the situ ation. Theory Y Working for Facebook is not your typical job. The word â€Å"Hack† is written on every wall in the building. Zuckerberg’s own personal innovation encourages employees to produce new codes to wow users and attract new one. He encourages employees to constantly innovate and think of outside the box. They attempt to eliminate failure out of the equation and the programmer’s mind. The environment is geared to help employees figure out what exactly they would do without the fear of failure. Fail harder: they are encouraged to fail in a triumphant blaze of glory. For Facebook, â€Å"the riskest risk is taking no risks†(Careers at Facebook). Without complete focus and effort, the employee might never know if the project was possible. Trying new things is always encouraged. This is the kind of effort Mark Zuckerberg put into Facebook to make a huge success. He encourages his employees to put everything they have into a project. This type of support shown to employees can satisfy McGregor’s Theory Y. Facebook’s full support and belief in the abilities of their employees motivates them to give their full effort in a project. Maslow’s Self Actualization Facebook’s view on recruiting is to â€Å"discovering top talent and serving our employees seriously†(Careers at Facebook). Facebook only hires the smartest and passionate people who are ready to hard and quickly. This could give Facebook employees pride for being the Best of the best. â€Å"We expect everyone at Facebook to focus every day on how to build real value for the world in everything they do†(Careers at Facebook). This type of emphasis on building social value and create social change through their job can help employees achieve Maslowe’s self actualization. This personal  growth and higher order achievement fulfillment can inspire employees to work harder and innovate. This type of social value can suggest a need for power. Employees want their work to influence others and create a change in the world. MCCLELAND’S NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT In the early days of Facebook, Zuckerberg was known for his exuberance and sense of urgency. He would initiate a companywide lock down to launch a new campus. These â€Å"Hackathon† turned into a party including a keg and DJ in reward of the work. Zuckerberg maintains the mantra that is â€Å"done is better than perfect†(Careers at Facebook). They launched features before they are done. Facebook attempts to stay on the edge of technology, and is willing to risk flaws and imperfects to stay on the cutting edge. Facebook is â€Å"less afraid of making mistakes than we are of losing opportunities†(Careers at Facebook). This shows McCleland’s need for achievement. Facebook strives to be on the cutting edge of technology and be the first to develop new features for the site. With each new update to Facebook, they have achieved a new goal while continuing to improve on the site. Facebook does not let anything get in the way of a deadline to stay on top. Five IMPORTANT LESSONS MARK ZUCKERBERG TAUGHT US ABOUT Business Lesson 1: Be passionate about what you do If there is any way to create something that hundreds, thousands, or even millions of people will eventually use on a daily basis, you better be sure to create something that you would have passion and dedication in creating. The aforementioned isn’t exactly a revelation to anyone, but if you are not genuinely interested in what you are creating, why would anyone else be? They wouldn’t. It’s a serious problem for many entrepreneurs of both young and old. Mark Zuckerberg, however, is one of the most prominent examples in recent history of someone who has the passion. Not only did he care about his project, but he also turned down billions of dollars in order to let his company thrive. Lesson 2: Constant evaluation There are generally two types of people in business: those who prefer to play it by gut instinct and those who analyze every little measurable detail.  Both have their pros and cons; having a mix of both couldn’t hurt. Generally a person gravitates towards one or the other. Mark Zuckerberg is the analyzer. Zuckerberg always insisted that his employees create powerful analytics dashboards. Their purpose was simple: allow him and fellow employees to gauge the interest in newly released features to coordinate their global domination. While other companies were still figuring out which advertisements could be placed at which spot and generate the most return, Facebook focused on optimizing the performance of the user experience. He wanted to know which features worked and which did not. Lesson 3: Be willing to experiment In Facebook’s infancy, its founder preferred to push out enhancements and never look back. This is, admittedly, easy to do when you have a few thousand users; they expect things to change at a rapid clip. But Facebook was different. People relied on Facebook in more ways than most other websites — it was a service that connected people to each other. At this point, failure is unacceptable. Still, Zuckerberg preferred the gung ho method of development. He would regularly introduce new features — adding the â€Å"Wall,† introducing chat functionality, allowing third-party development, and changing the site’s layout. Lesson 4: Be aware of opportunity Before Facebook, there was CourseMatch, an application that allowed students at Harvard University to compare their course selections for that semester. With this, Zuckerberg indulged students’ desires to know which classes their friends were joining. He exploited an opportunity. Facemash was a similar expereince. It was Harvard’s Hot or Not for students. These students were interested in knowing where they stood socially — in some ways, we all do. And Zuckerberg, once again, saw an opportunity to exploit this as well. It isn’t magic. But it does require looking at things in a different way — to see things for what they could be, as opposed to only what they have been or currently are. Zuckerberg’s ability to notice these opportunities and execute on them gave him the edge in creating and maintaining products that  people believed in. Opportunity exists everywhere — especially with the Internet, where the ability to reach millions is easier than ever. Perhaps there is so much opportunity out there that, perhaps, we have become ignorant to spot the most obvious of opportunities. But being able to spot opportunity is an invaluable skill. Lesson 5: Make something useful Facebook isn’t simply another interesting website to visit every once in a while. It is a tool that millions of people use to connect to each other. People use it for sharing experiences and creating new ones. Most importantly, Facebook does something that no other website has been able to do as efficiently, effectively, and with such impressive scale: it creates a virtual environment to interact with your real friends. The 600 million plus members tells us how famous Facebook is. Yet it is this usefulness that makes the company a success. It is a recurring theme that all successful companies build upon. It is also something that many startups don’t seem to comprehend. Explaining what makes a product or service useful is simple: it is something that people are using repeatedly and on a regular basis. So the lesson to learn is, make something which is a everyday use thing, just like Zuckerberg did. Conclusion In order to conclude, we can say that Mark has emerged and evolved as an Employee Centered CEO, with a democratic style. He has come a long way to reach this stage with bringing a lot of changes in him. When it comes to personality traits, without any doubt his strongest trait would be his openness to experience and the willingness to always try something new which in result, has kept Facebook on the top among all other social media sites.